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This 2021 GreenCape industry brief outlines waste-to-energy (WtE) options for businesses in South Africa, focusing on anaerobic digestion, thermal processes, and biofuels. It highlights the potential for reduced waste costs and improved energy security while detailing the complex legislative framework (including NEM:WA and NERSA) and the necessary project development stages from scoping to execution. The document emphasizes that while WtE can be expensive in isolation, it becomes viable when integrated as a collective solution for waste and energy management.

This fact sheet, published by the Institute for Economic Justice, SECTION27, and the Center for Economic and Social Rights, examines South Africa's social protection systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. It evaluates the government's response against the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), highlighting failures in providing an adequate standard of living, food security, and housing, while detailing recommendations from the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development explores the intersection of circular economy solutions and international trade policies to support global decarbonization. It argues that transitioning from primary to secondary materials and extending product lifespans are essential for meeting Paris Agreement goals, as resource extraction and processing account for half of global greenhouse gas emissions. The authors advocate for the removal of trade barriers to circular goods and services and the use of bilateral and regional trade agreements to establish standards for low-carbon circularity.

This statement, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development in 2021, calls for an immediate end to international public finance for fossil fuels to align with the 1.5°C warming limit of the Paris Agreement. It urges governments and public finance institutions to shift funding toward clean energy and a just transition, particularly for low-income countries in the Global South, ahead of COP 26.

This case study examines mine closure policies in South America, focusing on the transition from relying on international best practices to establishing national legislation. It details the frameworks of Chile and Peru, highlighting the critical role of financial assurance in preventing the state from inheriting liabilities for abandoned mines.

This case study by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines mine closure policies in South America, with a detailed focus on the legislative frameworks of Chile and Peru. It outlines international best practices for mine closure, emphasizing the critical role of financial guarantees to prevent abandoned sites and protect the public interest. The document compares the national approaches of Chile and Peru, highlighting their use of mandatory financial assurances and periodic plan updates, while noting a general lack of emphasis on social transition and post-closure land use in both jurisdictions.

This case study by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines mine waste management legal frameworks in Ghana and British Columbia, Canada. It outlines international best practices for minimizing waste volume and ensuring long-term stability, while analyzing how both jurisdictions apply these principles to manage risks associated with tailings facilities and legacy mining sites.

This case study compares mine waste management in Ghana and British Columbia, Canada, highlighting the importance of risk-based legal frameworks. Ghana is noted for its strong environmental assessment processes and efforts to formalize artisanal mining via satellite monitoring, though it needs better corporate accountability. British Columbia's framework, significantly strengthened after the 2014 Mount Polley dam breach, is highlighted for its rigorous technical standards, independent review boards, and a dedicated government audit unit to ensure regulatory effectiveness.

This case study by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines mine waste management frameworks in Ghana and British Columbia, Canada. It outlines international best practices, such as the Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM), and compares how these two jurisdictions implement standards, corporate accountability, and financial mechanisms to mitigate the environmental and social risks of mine waste.

This case study by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines watershed-level water management frameworks in Mongolia and the Antofagasta region of Chile, focusing on the intersection of mining activities and water security in arid environments.

This case study by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines water management frameworks in Mongolia and the Antofagasta region of Chile. It emphasizes the necessity of basin-level governance to balance the high water demands of the mining sector with the needs of other users and the environment, particularly in arid regions facing climate change.

This case study by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the importance of watershed-scale governance for mine water management, focusing on the experiences of Mongolia and the Antofagasta region of Chile. It outlines a framework for effective water governance based on risk-based planning, stakeholder collaboration, and clear policy implementation, while highlighting the specific challenges of managing water in arid mining regions.

This annex provides case studies from Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh on implementing solar irrigation. It highlights the challenges of groundwater depletion and the financial barriers for farmers under the PM-KUSUM scheme. Key successes include Rajasthan's targeting of smallholders, Gujarat's innovative solar cooperatives and 'WatchDog Transformers' for grid management, and Andhra Pradesh's large-scale deployment of standalone pumps and BLDC pilots.

This supplementary annex to 'Mapping India’s Energy Subsidies 2021' provides detailed background and financial data for specific energy subsidies that changed significantly since 2020, covering electric buses, energy conservation, and oil and gas infrastructure and research.

The NAP Global Network 2020–2021 Progress Report details the activities of a network dedicated to supporting developing countries in formulating and implementing National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). During the reporting period (December 2020 to November 2021), the Network shifted toward providing rapid, short-term technical assistance via its Country Support Hub and focused on integrating gender, health, and finance into adaptation planning to accelerate climate-resilient recovery.

The report 'État de la gouvernance environnementale mondiale 2021' analyzes the state of global environmental governance during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting a shift toward voluntary commitments, the challenges of virtual diplomacy, and the exacerbation of socio-economic inequalities that hinder environmental progress.

This policy brief by the Institute for Security Studies examines the divergent approaches to migration between Africa and Europe, arguing for a shift from securitised responses toward a collaborative partnership focused on development, legal labour pathways, and the regularisation of remittances.

The African Environmental Defenders Fund (AED Fund), launched in 2019 by Natural Justice and the International Land Coalition, provides emergency financial assistance to land and environmental defenders across Africa facing imminent threats. Between March 2020 and October 2021, the fund processed 45 applications, approving 27 for support including legal representation, relocation, and medical aid. The report highlights a significant volume of applications from Uganda and a particular vulnerability of female defenders to gender-based violence.

The Public Affairs Research Institute (PARI), supported by the Public Service Accountability Monitor (PSAM), submitted public comments on the Companies Amendment Bill, 2021. The submission focuses on how mandatory disclosure of beneficial ownership information can enhance transparency in public procurement and increase the accountability of public servants by exposing hidden conflicts of interest.

This briefing by the Public Affairs Research Institute (PARI) examines the failure of the South African government to fulfill its 1998 White Paper on Energy promise of affordable energy for all. It specifically highlights the systemic failure of the Free Basic Electricity (FBE) program, where billions of rands allocated for low-income households are not reaching the intended beneficiaries due to municipal mismanagement.