Gestion des eaux minières : Études de cas de la Mongolie et du Chili

The document examines water governance in the mining sectors of Mongolia and Chile, advocating for a holistic, risk-based watershed approach. It details the legal frameworks, data collection strategies, and stakeholder engagement processes used in both jurisdictions to manage water scarcity and pollution risks, particularly in arid environments.

• Effective watershed management requires a transition from basic data collection to a risk-based approach that integrates climate change scenarios and sensitivity analyses to ensure the sustainability of mitigation practices.
• Mongolia has implemented a national Integrated Watershed Management Plan (IWMP) that categorizes management zones based on their dominant water source: surface water, combined surface and groundwater, or groundwater.
• In Mongolia's Gobi Desert, mining activities rely on non-renewable fossil groundwater, and demand was projected to exceed supply by 2021, creating a high potential for conflict with livestock herders and local communities.
• The Antofagasta region in Chile utilizes a strategic water resource plan (updated in 2016) that aligns regional goals with the national water strategy, focusing on social equity, citizen information, and the resolution of water shortages.
• A significant governance challenge in Antofagasta is that water has been allocated as permanent rights without expiration dates rather than as time-limited permits, complicating the government's ability to manage resources effectively.
• In the Loa River basin of Antofagasta, mining accounts for 60% of water demand, necessitating technical cost-benefit analyses based on environmental flows and ecosystem services to balance industrial use with indigenous and municipal rights.

APA

Hill, J., & Gillman, M. (2021). Gestion des eaux minières : Études de cas de la Mongolie et du Chili. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-03/igf-case-study-mine-water-management-chile-mongolia-fr.pdf

Chicago

Hill, Jenifer, and Matthew Gillman. Gestion des eaux minières : Études de cas de la Mongolie et du Chili. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2021. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-03/igf-case-study-mine-water-management-chile-mongolia-fr.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Hill |first1=Jenifer |last2=Gillman |first2=Matthew |title=Gestion des eaux minières : Études de cas de la Mongolie et du Chili |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=2021 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-03/igf-case-study-mine-water-management-chile-mongolia-fr.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{hill2021gestion, author = {Hill, Jenifer and Gillman, Matthew}, title = {{Gestion des eaux minières : Études de cas de la Mongolie et du Chili}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2021}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-03/igf-case-study-mine-water-management-chile-mongolia-fr.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }