État de la gouvernance environnementale mondiale 2021

The report 'État de la gouvernance environnementale mondiale 2021' analyzes the state of global environmental governance during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting a shift toward voluntary commitments, the challenges of virtual diplomacy, and the exacerbation of socio-economic inequalities that hinder environmental progress.

• Global environmental governance in 2021 was characterized by a heavy reliance on voluntary commitments, often referred to as 'promises' or 'pacts,' which allow participants to determine their own content with minimal international control.
• There is a significant gap between environmental promises and actual action; for example, despite climate pledges at COP26 and 'energy pacts' in New York, investments in fossil fuel production continued to increase.
• The COVID-19 pandemic amplified existing socio-economic inequalities, which in turn threaten environmental outcomes. This is evidenced by 'vaccine inequality' and the digital divide, where poor internet connectivity in developing countries and rural areas hindered participation in virtual negotiations.
• The shift to virtual and hybrid meeting formats during the pandemic generally slowed progress for many Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), with many bodies only able to produce procedural decisions rather than substantive outcomes.
• Despite pandemic disruptions, some major in-person events occurred in 2021, including the IUCN World Conservation Congress, which adopted the Marseille Manifesto, and the COP26 in Glasgow, where the Paris Agreement rulebook was finalized.
• Climate litigation is increasing as a response to the gap between state promises and action, exemplified by a Dutch district court ordering Shell to reduce its emissions by 45% by 2030.

APA

-1, Allan, J., Tsioumani, E., Jones, N., & Soubry, B. (2021). État de la gouvernance environnementale mondiale 2021. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-03/state-global-environmental-governance-2021-fr.pdf

Chicago

-1, Jen Allan, Elsa Tsioumani, Natalie Jones, and Bernard Soubry. État de la gouvernance environnementale mondiale 2021. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2021. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-03/state-global-environmental-governance-2021-fr.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=-1 |last2=Allan |first2=Jen |last3=Tsioumani |first3=Elsa |last4=Jones |first4=Natalie |last5=Soubry |first5=Bernard |title=État de la gouvernance environnementale mondiale 2021 |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=2021 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-03/state-global-environmental-governance-2021-fr.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{12021tat, author = {-1 and Allan, Jen and Tsioumani, Elsa and Jones, Natalie and Soubry, Bernard}, title = {{État de la gouvernance environnementale mondiale 2021}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2021}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-03/state-global-environmental-governance-2021-fr.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }