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The analysis examines sectoral GHG emissions per capita from 2000 to 2019 across 180 countries. It finds that while energy supply, buildings, and agriculture emissions per capita have decreased in over half of the countries, transport and industry emissions per capita have increased in more than half. Road transport is identified as a particular laggard, with per capita emissions increasing in nearly two-thirds of the countries.

The report identifies four key investment opportunities for hydrogen in Latin America: green steel, green hydrogen production via electrolysis, green chemicals (methanol, ammonia, and fertilisers), and heavy-duty mining vehicles in remote locations. It argues that while net-zero models project hydrogen's share of final energy consumption at 3-20% by 2050, the region must more than double its planned electrolysis capacity by 2030 to align with 1.5-compatible scenarios. Success depends on policy signals, including carbon pricing and certification schemes, to attract international finance and avoid carbon lock-in.

The Corporate Climate Responsibility Monitor 2023 finds that the majority of climate strategies among 24 assessed multinational companies lack integrity, with 2030 targets falling significantly short of the reductions needed to limit warming to 1.5°C. While all 24 companies pledged net-zero or equivalent goals, only five commit to deep decarbonisation of at least 90%. Most strategies rely on ambiguous commitments and non-credible offsetting plans, with only four companies adopting a climate contribution approach without neutralisation claims.

The NewClimate Institute finds that Germany's plan to build eleven LNG terminals with a total capacity of 73 bcm per year far exceeds the amount of gas needed to compensate for lost Russian pipeline imports. The report asserts that with continued energy efficiency and pipeline imports from neighbors, no new LNG terminals would be required. Building all planned terminals would likely result in stranded assets and undermine the energy transition by diverting resources from renewable energy and efficiency measures.

The NewClimate Institute asserts that Germany's planned LNG terminals are not necessary to meet gas demand following the loss of Russian imports and would likely become stranded assets. The report suggests that current demand could be met through continued imports from neighboring countries and increased energy efficiency, warning that full implementation of the 11 planned terminals would jeopardize the 2045 climate neutrality goal and violate the Paris Agreement.

The report argues that current DFI and MDB frameworks for the land sector are insufficient for Paris alignment, often prioritizing economic development and efficiency over transformative climate action. Analysis of finance in Argentina, Egypt, and Viet Nam reveals that over half of DFI funding since 2015 lacked adequate climate risk safeguards, with significant risks linked to deforestation and GHG-intensive commodities.

The global steel sector is not on track to halve CO2 emissions by 2030 or fully decarbonise by 2050. Analysis of the top 60 steel producers shows that while 26 have set targets, only 8 provide detailed implementation plans. Even if all existing targets are met, emission intensity reductions by 2050 (54-63%) would fall far short of the 90-100% reduction required for a 1.5°C trajectory. The report identifies three supply-side priorities: ending new blast furnace investments unless they support deep reductions, commercialising deep reduction technologies, and increasing scrap steel recycling.

The report assesses the current state of climate target-setting among the world's largest financial institutions, arguing that portfolio-level net zero targets are insufficient for achieving 1.5°C. It highlights that 'universal owners'—large asset managers with global exposure—possess significant but underutilized leverage to influence the real economy. The document identifies three primary channels for influence: exclusion, divestment, and engagement, noting that current adoption of climate-relevant exclusion and divestment policies remains low among the top 50 asset managers and owners.

The Climate Change Performance Index 2023 finds that none of the 60 largest emitters are on a 1.5°C pathway, leaving the top three ranks unoccupied. Denmark is the current frontrunner, leading in almost all categories, while China and the US are categorized as 'very low' performers. The report highlights a wide disparity in performance among EU countries and identifies Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Kazakhstan as the worst overall performers due to heavy oil reliance and weak renewable energy adoption.

The global energy crisis has exposed critical vulnerabilities in the energy systems of Southeast Asian nations, particularly their reliance on imported fossil fuels. While governments in Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Viet Nam have implemented short-term measures to mitigate price shocks and secure fuel supplies, the report argues that these responses fail to address underlying vulnerabilities. It calls for an acceleration of fossil fuel phasedowns, a reconsideration of natural gas as a transition fuel, and a prioritisation of renewable energy scale-ups and energy efficiency to build long-term resilience.

The report identifies 601 International Climate Initiatives (ICIs) launched since 2013, noting that while the number of initiatives grew, productivity and performance have trended downwards since 2019. There is a significant underrepresentation of the Global South in terms of funding, leadership, and participation. Regarding the COP26 'Glasgow initiatives', the report finds they theoretically cover 75% of the 14 GtCO2e ambition gap for 2030, but current signatories would only provide 4 GtCO2e in additional reductions; an additional 7 GtCO2e could be achieved if more governments signed up.

The report warns that massive LNG expansion and a lack of ambitious national climate targets are jeopardizing the 1.5°C warming limit. It highlights that current 2030 targets lead to 2.4°C of warming and that LNG capacity under construction could increase emissions by over 1.9 GtCO2e per year by 2030 above Net Zero scenarios. While some policy progress is noted in the US, China, and the EU, international climate finance remains insufficient, and the phase-down of coal is largely being ignored by major emitters.

The report analyzes European coal transitions, finding that while support measures limited poverty, they often failed to secure new employment for workers. Successes were linked to bottom-up project identification combined with top-down financing, investments in transport and education, and environmental restoration. It suggests China can achieve a more successful just transition by proactively planning based on these European experiences.

The paper argues that public development banks lack a published approach to ensure that unearmarked loans provided for policy and institutional reforms—known as policy-based operations (PBOs)—are aligned with the Paris Agreement. It proposes that PBOs are Paris-aligned if they do not undermine a just transition to climate neutrality by increasing exposure to climate risks and, where possible, promote long-term macro-fiscal resilience.

The report finds that none of the 40 indicators of systems change are on track to reach their 2030 targets, with current national commitments leading to projected warming of 2.4°C to 2.8°C. To align with the 1.5°C goal, the report argues for an enormous acceleration in effort, specifically noting that unabated coal phase-out must be six times faster and cement production carbon intensity improvements must increase by more than 10 times.

The NewClimate Institute criticizes the German government for contradictions between its climate ambitions and its foreign policy actions, specifically citing the support for gas exploration in Senegal and insufficient climate finance. It urges the implementation of a cross-departmental foreign policy strategy in 2023 to ensure consistency across all ministries, including those led by the FDP, and recommends independent monitoring of progress.

The study assesses decarbonisation pathways for Ulaanbaatar's heating sector, finding that solar assisted ground source heat pumps (SAGSHP) are more cost-effective and less electricity-intensive than full electrification. While SAGSHP increases fixed costs by 30%, it reduces total costs by 9% due to lower electricity demand and reduced requirements for power capacity and grid expansion. The authors argue that reducing the burden on the power sector is essential to decouple heat and power supply and facilitate the penetration of renewables.

Projected emissions for the analysed major economies under current policies (36.2-41.8 GtCO2e by 2030) remain far above the 43% reduction from 2019 levels required by the Paris Agreement. While average per capita emissions are projected to decrease slightly from 9.6 tCO2e in 2015 to approximately 8.8-8.9 tCO2e by 2030, significant disparities exist, with emissions per capita expected to more than double in Türkiye and Viet Nam while halving in Australia, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Only eleven countries are currently on track to meet their latest NDC targets, with Brazil and Indonesia moving off track due to increased land-use emission projections.

The executive summary evaluates the 'traffic light' government's efforts to mainstream climate as a crosscutting theme in German domestic and international work. It identifies a need for greater coherence among government agencies, the development of a comprehensive foreign climate policy strategy, and the institutionalization of coordination structures to ensure long-term consistency. Key suggestions include the creation of a climate cabinet, the transformation of diplomatic missions into 'climate embassies', and the implementation of third-party scrutiny to ensure compliance with international pledges.

The report identifies three priority manure management measures for Georgia's cattle sector: using covers for storage, composting, and using manure as fertiliser. Together, these could reduce emissions by 300–320 GgCO2e, representing nearly 10% of the sector's emissions, which significantly exceeds the ~1% reduction estimated for the sector under CSAP measures by 2030. Other global options were deemed less relevant in the short term due to the prevalence of small-scale farming and 'unmanaged' manure left on pasture.