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This report analyzes how a provision in the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) allowing the Investment Tax Credit (ITC) to be applied to interconnection costs could improve the financial viability of onshore wind and solar projects in the United States. By examining data from five regional grids, the authors find that a 30 percent ITC could have bridged the cost gap for approximately 22 GW of withdrawn projects and 15 GW of active projects, potentially enabling a volume of deployment exceeding the 2023 record of 31 GW.

This briefing argues that weak Treasury guidelines for the 45V hydrogen production tax credit could increase wholesale electricity prices for consumers. It advocates for the strict application of three pillars—additionality, deliverability, and hourly matching—to ensure that new electrolyzer demand is offset by new clean generation, preventing the price spikes associated with large-scale electricity loads like cryptocurrency mining.

This guide provides State Energy Offices (SEOs) with a framework for designing and implementing residential energy rebate programs authorized by the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). It emphasizes data-driven design, strategic outreach to underserved communities, and the creation of support systems like 'one-stop-shops' to ensure that energy efficiency and electrification retrofits are economically beneficial and accessible, particularly for low-to-moderate income (LMI) households.

This document provides a collection of case studies and resources intended to help State Energy Offices (SEOs) design and implement home energy rebate programs under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). It highlights specific tools, frameworks, and programs that address equity, workforce development, consumer education, and supply chain coordination to optimize residential energy retrofits and electrification.

This report by Energy Innovation argues that while the economics of clean energy are now competitive with fossil fuels, non-financial risks—specifically project development and market uncertainty—are hindering deployment in the United States. The authors propose 'investment-grade policies' to reduce these risks, focusing on transmission access, streamlined siting and permitting, and long-term cost-recovery schedules to lower the cost of capital for developers.

A report by Energy Innovation finds that leasing an electric vehicle (EV) is currently the most affordable option for new car buyers in the United States, outperforming the costs of buying or leasing internal combustion engine vehicles.

This report by Energy Innovation argues that while zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) trucks have significant potential for greenhouse gas reductions and public health improvements, current adoption rates are insufficient to meet climate goals without more ambitious policy interventions.

This report by Energy Innovation analyzes the cost savings of operating electric vehicles (EVs) compared to gas-powered vehicles across the United States, focusing on 'fill-up' costs for sedans, SUVs, and trucks. Using a custom cost comparison tool, the authors find that EV drivers in every state save money per trip and annually, though the magnitude of these savings varies significantly based on state-level electricity rates and gasoline prices.

This appendix provides a financial viability analysis of 'export-only' electrolyzer projects in the United States, which utilize co-located new clean energy resources and allow for opportunistic electricity sales to the grid. The analysis concludes that such projects, which comply with the three principles of additionality, deliverability, and hourly time-matching, are competitive across large portions of the U.S., suggesting that rigorous 45V tax credit guidance regarding lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions would not hinder industry growth.

This report analyzes the potential nationwide impact of California's Advanced Clean Cars II (ACC II) rule, which aims for 100% ZEV sales by 2035. It finds that if all 177 eligible states adopt the rule, the U.S. could reduce cumulative emissions by 1,310 MMT CO2e by 2050, prevent 5,000 deaths and 160,000 asthma attacks, and see the EV fleet grow to 239 million vehicles. The analysis emphasizes that while the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) provides critical short-term incentives, state-level mandates are necessary for long-term sustainability.

This briefing by Energy Innovation outlines policy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the U.S. industrial sector, which is responsible for a quarter to a third of national emissions. The document proposes a combination of trade mechanisms, financial incentives, R&D support, and regulatory standards to accelerate the deployment of clean industrial technologies and maintain U.S. competitiveness.

This briefing, based on research from the Aspen Global Change Institute, examines the impact of climate change on atmospheric rivers and snowpack in California and other mountainous regions. It highlights a paradoxical future where the region faces both an increased risk of catastrophic megafloods and a long-term decline in snowpack and overall precipitation frequency, emphasizing that high-emissions scenarios will accelerate these hydrologic shifts.

This research note by Energy Innovation compares its own modeling of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) with the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) 2023. The authors argue that the AEO underestimates the IRA's impact on emissions reductions and clean energy deployment, particularly in the electricity and transportation sectors, due to differences in model scope, tax credit inclusion, and economic assumptions.

This guide describes the Energy Policy Simulator (EPS), a free, open-source System Dynamics computer model developed by Energy Innovation Policy & Technology LLC to help policymakers evaluate the effectiveness of climate and energy policies on greenhouse gas emissions, economics, and public health.

This report by Energy Innovation and RMI evaluates the impact of five key state-level energy policies on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across six U.S. states using the Energy Policy Simulator (EPS). The analysis demonstrates that a coordinated policy approach can significantly reduce emissions, create jobs, and improve public health outcomes.

The report 'Coal Cost Crossover 3.0' analyzes the economic viability of existing coal-fired power plants in the United States compared to new renewable energy alternatives. Using 2021 data and accounting for the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), the study finds that nearly all coal plants are more expensive to operate than replacing them with wind or solar, particularly when resources are sited locally to leverage existing grid interconnections and energy community tax credits.

This report by Energy Innovation analyzes the building sector provisions of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), detailing how rebates, tax credits, and funding for building codes can accelerate decarbonization. It provides a roadmap for federal, state, and local policymakers to implement these incentives, emphasizing the need for complementary regulations—such as updated appliance standards and building codes—to overcome the challenge of slow building stock turnover and meet 2030 climate goals.

This report by Energy Innovation provides a guide for state policymakers to leverage the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 to accelerate the transition to clean electricity. It details the mechanics of clean energy tax credits, reinvestment financing for fossil infrastructure, and transmission provisions, while analyzing independent modeling of the IRA's potential to reduce U.S. electricity sector emissions and lower household energy costs by 2030.

This research paper proposes the creation of Organized Long-Term Markets (OLTMs) to support the rapid deployment of clean energy resources in restructured wholesale electricity markets. The author argues that current market designs—including energy-only, capacity, and hybrid models—fail to provide the long-term investment signals and liquidity needed for grids with high penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE). The proposed OLTM acts as a derivative market that standardizes long-term energy delivery contracts, allowing producers to recover capital expenditures and consumers to hedge against price volatility while remaining linked to real-time spot market pricing.

Energy Innovation's modeling indicates that the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) could reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 37-43% below 2005 levels by 2030, closing a significant portion of the gap toward the U.S. Paris Agreement commitments. The act is projected to significantly increase clean electricity generation (up to 85% share) and create up to 1.3 million jobs, while avoiding up to 4,500 premature deaths from air pollution. Despite emissions increases from required oil and gas leasing, the net effect remains overwhelmingly positive, with at least 28 tons of emissions avoided for every ton generated by those provisions.