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This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd. proposes a system-level framework for planning and implementing distributed renewable energy (DRE) in rural India. Moving beyond fragmented, scheme-driven installations, the study advocates for a 'Model DRE Village' approach that integrates load typology analysis, utility-led planning, and coordinated financing to improve rural electricity reliability and support India's 500 GW non-fossil capacity target by 2030.

This report evaluates the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) scheme, specifically Components A and C-FLS, which promote decentralized solar power plants (1–10 MW) on farmers' land to improve irrigation and reduce state power subsidies. While the economic case is strong, the report identifies governance, market, and structural barriers that have led to gradual progress, and provides recommendations for a post-2026 scheme architecture.

This report evaluates the implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) scheme in India, specifically focusing on Component A (decentralized solar plants) and Component C-FLS (feeder-level solarization). While the scheme aims to add 35 GW of solar capacity by March 2026 to improve irrigation and farmer income, it has faced low uptake, achieving only 7% of targets for Component A and 34% for Component C-FLS as of December 31, 2025. The report identifies critical barriers including poor institutional coordination, grid instability, land acquisition challenges, and tariff mismatches, while providing actionable recommendations for the design of future solar irrigation programs.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative, WRI India, and CEEW analyzes the financial and regulatory landscape for Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in Indian cities. It identifies significant gaps in private sector investment, which currently accounts for only 10% of global NbS finance, and provides early recommendations to improve project bankability, diversify funding sources, and strengthen the enabling environment for urban climate resilience in India.

The Indian States’ Electricity Transition (SET) 2026 report evaluates 21 Indian states across three dimensions: decarbonisation, power ecosystem readiness and performance, and market enablers. It finds that progress is fragmented, with no single state demonstrating consistently strong performance across all three areas, highlighting the need for coordinated, dimension-specific interventions to achieve a system-wide transition.

This policy brief by Ember analyses the failure of India's early offshore wind auctions and outlines the systemic barriers preventing the sector's growth. It argues that rigid auction designs, a lack of domestic supply chains for high-capacity turbines, and transmission risks have deterred developers, and recommends adopting flexible international best practices to unlock the country's offshore wind potential.

This report by the Power Foundation of India (PFI) and the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) evaluates the potential of Agriphotovoltaics (Agri-PV)—the co-location of solar power and agriculture—to address land-use conflicts and enhance rural incomes in India. It provides economic modelling for Feed-in Tariffs, identifies regulatory barriers, and offers a comprehensive set of policy recommendations to scale the technology.

This report outlines strategies to align electric vehicle (EV) charging in India with renewable energy generation to prevent grid burden and support energy flexibility. It evaluates the effectiveness of time-of-day (ToD) tariffs, green tariffs, rooftop solar, and open access procurement, noting that while these mechanisms exist, barriers such as high upfront costs, price sensitivity, and limited public charging infrastructure hinder their full potential.

This report chapter details the growth of electric vehicle (EV) adoption in India between FY2020 and FY2025, highlighting the role of central and state government subsidies and the specific vehicle segments driving the transition.

This report by RMI analyzes the techno-economic pathways for green hydrogen production in India, examining 17 states to evaluate the impact of national and subnational policies on production costs. It compares various project configurations—including stand-alone on-site, CTU-connected, and STU-connected projects—and highlights the critical role of transmission charge waivers and capital subsidies in achieving cost competitiveness against grey hydrogen.

This report examines how six key Indian ports can evolve into green hydrogen hubs. It emphasizes the need for a Common User Infrastructure (CUI) framework and the strategic repurposing of existing assets like LNG terminals. While identifying barriers such as high production costs and land acquisition, it highlights that storage costs optimize at a capacity of 1.0–1.5 megatons per year.

This policy brief by Ember analyses the implementation of the Ministry of Power's Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Amendment Rules, 2023, which introduces solar-hour time of day (ToD) tariffs for domestic consumers in India starting April 1, 2025. The paper examines how these tariffs, designed to align electricity demand with solar generation, affect different consumer profiles and highlights the critical need for smart meter infrastructure to enable successful deployment.

A briefing by Global Energy Monitor analyzing India's power capacity additions in 2024 and the trajectory required to meet its 2030 non-fossil power target of 500 GW.

The report by Ember analyzes the strategic importance of wind energy in India's energy transition, emphasizing its complementarity with solar power to reduce reliance on thermal power during non-solar hours. It highlights the need to accelerate wind capacity deployment to meet the 14th National Electricity Plan (NEP14) targets and discusses policy interventions, economic benefits, and the potential for offshore wind and repowering.

This research paper examines the adoption of electricity markets in Indian states to facilitate the clean energy transition. It finds that while real-time markets are growing, overall market penetration remains low (7% of demand) due to inflexible long-term power purchase agreements (PPAs), unpredictable pricing, and poor forecasting. The paper highlights that states like Gujarat and Tamil Nadu could achieve significant cost savings by shifting toward day-ahead markets and recommends PPA renegotiation, the introduction of ancillary services, and coordinated resource adequacy planning.

This executive summary describes the States’ Electricity Transition (SET) Scoring system developed by Ember to evaluate the electricity transition across 16 Indian states, which represent 90% of India's annual power requirement. The analysis focuses on four dimensions: decarbonisation, power system performance, power ecosystem readiness, and policies and political commitments. While some states like Karnataka show strong performance across all metrics, others, particularly Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal, require significant improvements in decarbonisation and system performance to meet national targets.

The 2022 Forest Declaration Assessment Theme 4 report evaluates global forest governance systems and their capacity to halt and reverse forest loss and land degradation by 2030. It finds that while some countries have implemented effective legal tools like moratoria and inclusive policies, overall progress is insufficient, with persistent issues including widespread corruption, tenure insecurity for Indigenous Peoples and local communities, and the rollback of environmental protections in several major tropical forest nations.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines fuel subsidies for marine fisheries in India, identifying them as the most significant form of government support for the sector. The document analyzes the distribution of these subsidies across focus states, their impact on sustainability and equity, and draws lessons from India's broader fossil fuel subsidy reforms to suggest paths for sustainable transition.

This report by Ember analyses state-wise renewable energy (RE) capacity in India as of March 2022, evaluating progress toward the national target of 175 GW by December 2022. It highlights significant regional disparities, with a small number of states driving most of the new capacity while many others fall well behind their targets.

This policy brief examines the critical role of peri-urban ecosystems in India, highlighting how rapid urbanisation and ambiguous administrative boundaries lead to the neglect of these areas. It argues that preserving peri-urban ecosystems is essential for city resilience, food security, and climate adaptation, and recommends integrated, participatory planning to bridge the rural-urban divide.