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This 1999 report analyzes the economics of greenhouse gas mitigation in Ecuador, forecasting CO2 emission trends up to 2030. It highlights a history of economic instability and a heavy reliance on oil, while proposing a mitigation scenario that could reduce CO2 emissions by 15 million tons. The study finds that the industry sector offers the highest mitigation potential, while the transport sector is the most difficult to abate. It also examines the sensitivity of various economic sectors to energy price increases, noting that the chemical and power sectors are most vulnerable.

This document is an annotated bibliography prepared for a 1996 conference in Beijing and the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development. It summarizes various reports, articles, and books concerning the ISO 14000 series of environmental management standards and their implications for business strategy, international trade, and regulatory shifts.

This 1996 report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes the development and implications of China's national ecolabelling program. It details the program's structure, its role in reducing domestic environmental stress, and the potential for environmental labels to act as trade barriers for developing countries. The document evaluates the impact of foreign ecolabelling on Chinese exports—specifically in the textile and refrigerator sectors—and provides recommendations for strengthening China's program through increased transparency, the adoption of life-cycle analysis, and international cooperation to achieve mutual recognition of standards.

This briefing by the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment examines the impact of neonicotinoid pesticides on honey bees, biodiversity, and global food security, with a specific focus on the agricultural landscapes of Ontario and Québec.

This document is a formal statement of objection submitted by Louise Vandelac and Marie-Hélène Bacon on behalf of the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment. It challenges the decision RDV2017-01 by Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA/ARLA) to renew the registration of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) for approximately 15 years. The authors argue that the scientific basis for the decision is outdated, overly reliant on confidential industry data, and ignores recent independent research regarding human health, food contamination, and environmental impacts.

A statement by 82 health organizations from 30 countries calling on G7 nations to accelerate the global transition away from coal-fired electricity to improve public health and mitigate climate change.

The Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment and other organizations have written to the Minister of Canadian Identity and Heritage urging the expansion of the Online Harms Act (OHA) to address disinformation and systemic risks posed by big tech platforms.

This fact sheet from the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (CAPE) outlines the health risks associated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), their prevalence in the Canadian population, and the current regulatory efforts to manage them as a chemical class.

A statement by members of the Global Legislators’ Organisation (GLOBE) and other UK officials arguing that national and sub-national climate legislation is progressing faster than international negotiations and is essential for creating the political conditions necessary for a comprehensive global agreement in 2015.

This policy brief by the LDC Environment Centre, supported by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN), argues for the inclusion of 'suppressed demand' in the baseline and monitoring methodologies of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). It contends that current CDM methodologies disadvantage Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and African nations by using actual constrained consumption as a baseline, which ignores the unmet needs of poor populations and reduces the volume of tradable carbon credits (CERs). The document outlines the barriers causing suppressed demand and calls for capacity building and the operationalization of guidelines adopted by the CDM Executive Board and the Conference of the Parties (CMP).

This technical paper examines the concept of 'suppressed demand' within the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, arguing that failing to account for unmet needs in low-income countries leads to underestimated baselines and marginalizes Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and African nations in the carbon market.

This report, produced for the South African Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT), provides an international review of air emission standards to support the implementation of Section 21 of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (NEM:AQA). It analyzes regulatory frameworks in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia (specifically New South Wales), with additional references to India, Japan, Poland, and China. The document recommends a phased approach to listing industrial activities and setting minimum emission standards based on Best Available Technology (BAT), while suggesting the integration of command-and-control measures with market-based mechanisms like emissions trading.

This legal opinion by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) analyzes the obligations of OECD members regarding the trade of plastic wastes following the OECD's failure to reach a consensus on incorporating the Basel Convention's Plastic Waste Amendments into the OECD Decision on the trade of wastes. The analysis concludes that plastic wastes classified as "other wastes" under the Basel Convention fall outside the scope of the OECD Decision, meaning OECD members who are Parties to the Basel Convention must apply Basel's control and prohibition mechanisms. CIEL further argues that separate agreements, such as those between the US and Canada or within the EU, fail to meet the equivalence requirements of Article 11 of the Basel Convention and are therefore invalid for bypassing Basel controls.

The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) submitted comments to the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) and the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) arguing that proposed trade liberalization in the forest product sector could exacerbate forest degradation and loss. CIEL contends that the current U.S. environmental review process is inadequate and calls for the administration to halt negotiations until a comprehensive assessment, guided by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), is completed. The document emphasizes that trade liberalization can intensify negative impacts if countries lack robust forest protection frameworks, and suggests that developed nations provide technical and financial assistance to developing ones to establish sustainable management systems.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law examines how the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) could allow Canadian mining companies to challenge Greek mining regulations. It argues that CETA's 'domestic regulatory disciplines'—which require licensing processes to be objective, transparent, and simple—conflict with the discretionary and evolving nature of Greek environmental and technical mining laws.

The 'Declaração sobre Resíduos Contendo Nanomateriais' is a statement signed by various civil society organizations and research institutes calling for a precautionary approach to the management of waste containing manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs). The document highlights the risks associated with the increasing use of MNMs in consumer, industrial, and medical products, emphasizing the need for producer responsibility, restricted transboundary movement of such waste, and the creation of public registries to monitor waste flows, particularly within the European Union.

This statement, signed by various civil society organizations, calls for a precautionary approach to managing waste containing manufactured nanomaterials (NM) to prevent adverse effects on human health and the environment.

This research paper by Maria Julia Oliva of the Center for International Environmental Law examines the 'Development Agenda' of the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Doha Work Programme. The author evaluates whether the subsequent July framework maintains the original commitment to prioritize the needs of developing countries, specifically analyzing sectors such as agriculture, non-agricultural market access (NAMA), services, and the intersection of trade and environment.

This policy brief critiques the European Union's (EU) proposed intellectual property (IP) provisions within Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) for African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries. The author argues that the proposals impose restrictive standards on copyright, plant variety protection, and enforcement that exceed TRIPS Agreement requirements and threaten the development and public interest of ACP nations.

This research paper, prepared by Matthew Stilwell for the Center for International Environmental Law and published by the World Wide Fund for Nature in October 1999, proposes the use of the Expert Panel on Trade and Sustainable Development (EPTSD) Framework to reconcile conflicts between international trade, environment, and development policies. Using the WTO Shrimp-Turtle dispute and the potential US-EU GMO labelling conflict as case studies, the paper argues that formal WTO dispute settlement is often too adversarial to resolve underlying environmental and development issues. It advocates for a staged process of dispute prevention—moving from international cooperation and consultation to third-party assisted mediation before resorting to binding arbitration—to promote policy coherence and sustainable development.