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The document evaluates COP29's impact on Africa, highlighting the New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance (NCQG) as a central but insufficient outcome. It details failures in the Just Transition Work Programme and fossil fuel phase-out commitments, while noting incremental progress in adaptation roadmaps, carbon market rules, and gender mainstreaming. The authors call for more decisive action and tangible climate justice at COP30.

The policy brief argues that climate change threatens US national security by damaging critical infrastructure, increasing state fragility, and intensifying geopolitical competition. It recommends that the US government implement a National Adaptation Plan, integrate 'Operational Resilience' into military budgets, scale up resilience funding for strategic allies, and strengthen interagency coordination on the food-climate-security nexus to protect US interests and economic competitiveness.

The paper identifies that usable groundwater is rapidly decreasing globally due to mismanagement and climate change, posing a particular challenge for the nearly 600 transboundary aquifers. To address this, the authors propose five governance recommendations: enhancing flexible international mechanisms, addressing the need for data, prioritizing the precautionary principle and pollution prevention, integrating surface and subsurface water and land governance, and expanding the institutional capacity of binational or multinational actors.

The text highlights that developing countries will bear 99% of the health burden from climate change and suggests that Peru leverage the Paris Agreement to create policies that simultaneously improve public health and the climate system.

The document analyzes the transition from conventional water governance and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) toward adaptive management and water security. It emphasizes the necessity of monitoring and measurement to guide decision-making and highlights the importance of equity and social learning in creating participatory and adaptive water governance systems.

The text identifies water and energy as the core resources for urban planning within a nexus framework, noting that urbanization creates unique pressures through infrastructure reliance, demographic concentration, and social vulnerabilities. It proposes resilience as a guiding principle for urban management to enhance adaptive capacity amidst global change uncertainties and highlights the need for further research into waste and resource recovery efficiency.

The document reports that ecological restoration significantly increases biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) compared to degraded states, although they often remain below reference levels. While agroecosystems and certain forest services show high recovery, wetlands and forest biodiversity lag behind reference benchmarks. A positive correlation exists between biodiversity and ES recovery, but quantitative data on cultural ES is lacking.

The document argues that addressing global sustainability challenges—such as extreme weather and biodiversity loss—requires integrated knowledge produced through collaborations between scientists and diverse stakeholders, including government and corporate entities. It specifically focuses on the need for 'collective unlearning' to reduce the central role of academia and ensure practitioners are positioned more equitably within these research partnerships.

The research assesses the economic and environmental costs of forest fires in Acre, Brazil, finding that an extreme drought in 2010 caused burned areas to be 16 times larger than in normal years, resulting in economic losses of approximately US$ 243.36 million, or 7.03% of the state's GDP.

Mighty Earth's 2025 strategy focuses on decoupling agriculture from deforestation, ensuring sustainable state-backed development in Southeast Asia, and scaling finance for nature. The organization aims to leverage public distrust of corporations and passion for the environment to pressure the private sector, specifically targeting the automotive supply chain for decarbonized materials and promoting plant-based proteins to reduce methane emissions. Additionally, the group is pursuing continent-scale rewilding in North America, Asia, and Africa.

CBRE is implementing a multi-step engagement strategy to tackle Scope 3 emissions, which are over 50 times greater than its direct operational emissions. By identifying a core group of 7,500 suppliers responsible for 90% of its purchased goods and services emissions, the firm provides tailored support, including a free emissions calculation platform via Emitwise, to help small and medium-sized enterprises report data. While only 16% of engaged suppliers have provided all requested information, the company is improving response rates by integrating climate reporting into its Partner Excellence Program and translating resources into multiple languages.

The study finds that the 2015/16 El Niño led to a 4% increase in global burned area and a 5% increase in fire emissions compared to a 'No El Niño' scenario, resulting in a 4% reduction in the terrestrial carbon sink. South America experienced the most significant impact, with a 13% increase in burned area and emitted carbon, primarily driven by temperature increases between August and October in central-southern Brazil.

The energy transition accelerated in 2024, driven by record uptake in solar, wind, and electric vehicles as costs for solar modules and batteries fell significantly. While renewables are poised to overtake coal as the leading power source in 2025 and many nations have set net-zero goals, progress in energy efficiency and methane reduction remains off track. The document argues that achieving 2030 targets requires shifting fossil fuel subsidies toward clean energy investments, particularly in emerging economies.

Copper is essential for renewable energy and electric vehicles, with demand projected to grow by at least 50% by 2050. While mining faces challenges like long lead times and decreasing ore quality, recycling copper—which is 100% recyclable—can save up to 85% of the energy used in extraction. Currently, recycled copper provides about one-third of the global supply, but doubling end-of-life recycling rates from 32% to 66% could recover over 6 million tons of copper from landfills annually by 2040. Scaling this requires improving collection systems, expanding high-standard processing capacity, and increasing market demand for recycled materials across the U.S., EU, and China.

The proposal seeks USD 1,000,000 over 24 months to address Nauru's vulnerability to sea-level rise and temperature increases. It focuses on moving from incremental to transformative climate action through community-led visioning workshops, technical studies on public health, soil restoration, and livestock, and the development of a GCF Concept Note for agri-food systems.

The report finds that while many global banks have committed to net-zero by 2050, their disclosures lack standardisation and transparency. Key issues include inconsistent sectoral coverage, the omission of facilitated emissions, and a failure to align sectoral targets with 1.5°C benchmarks. The report highlights that a significant portion of bank balance sheets remains uncovered by net-zero targets and that current levels of sustainable finance are insufficient to meet the 10-to-1 clean energy to fossil fuel investment ratio recommended by the IEA.

The report finds that while post-issuance reporting in the GSS bond market is widespread and generally high-quality, significant gaps remain in the disclosure of project lifetimes, impact assessment methodologies, and quantitative linkages to entity-level sustainability strategies. Analysis of 75 issuers (USD 1.4tn issued) shows that 88% of 2020–2022 issuers reported allocations, but 35% failed to report within 365 days of issuance. Sovereigns and development banks demonstrated the highest reporting quality, while non-financial corporates were the least likely to provide entity-level framing. The report recommends the adoption of standardized reporting platforms and mandatory regulatory frameworks to enhance market transparency.

The document argues that while green guarantees can mobilize up to five times more capital than loans, they are underutilized due to complexity, lack of technical assistance, high costs, and time horizon misalignments. It showcases case studies from the World Bank Group, Green Guarantee Company, TCX, GuarantCo, and a Sida-IFU partnership to demonstrate how streamlining processes, providing targeted technical support, subsidizing currency hedges, extending guarantee tenors to 20 years, and fostering bilateral cooperation can unlock private capital for the green transition in EMDEs.

Carbon Market Watch advocates for replacing 'net' climate targets with three distinct targets: gross emissions reductions, biogenic sequestration in natural sinks, and permanent carbon dioxide removals (CDR). The guide explains that 'net' targets often mask a lack of progress in emissions reductions by relying on uncertain or temporary removals. It distinguishes between permanent technical solutions, such as direct air capture and carbon storage (DACCS), and temporary natural solutions like reforestation. The document argues that separate targets prevent 'mitigation deterrence' and provide better governance of the finite resources required for CDR. While some progress is noted in Germany and Sweden, the author urges the European Commission to adopt this three-target approach in its upcoming 2040 climate target proposal.

The document advocates for separating carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from general climate goals to avoid 'mitigation deterrence,' where the hope of future CDR technologies slows current emission reductions. It proposes a three-pronged approach: binding targets for gross emission reductions, biosequestration in natural sinks, and permanent technological removal. While the EU currently uses 'net' targets for 2030 and 2050, the author suggests the upcoming 2040 target proposal is an ideal opportunity to formalize this separation.