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This toolkit by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines policy options to address carbon leakage—the displacement of production and emissions to countries with lower climate ambition. It analyzes the trade-offs of international frameworks, Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs), carbon cost containment, subsidies, and product standards, noting that while carbon pricing coverage grew to 24% of emissions in 2024, price divergence continues to drive leakage risks.

This policy brief by RMI argues that current electricity rate designs in the United States often overcharge heat pump users, creating a financial barrier to home electrification. The document explains that because many utility costs are driven by summer peak demand, customers who add electricity demand in the winter (via heat pumps) may pay more than the actual cost of service. RMI proposes several rate reform strategies—including seasonal heating rates, time-varying rates, and separate customer classes—to align electricity pricing with actual system costs and support decarbonization goals.

The report details the 58th meeting of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) Executive Council, held via videoconference on November 6, 2024. The meeting focused on the relocation of the IAI headquarters to Panama, updates on scientific initiatives including tropical forest and ocean research, the development of a Science Diplomacy Center, and the establishment of an Indigenous Peoples’ Advisory Committee.

The 58th IAI Executive Council meeting report details the successful relocation of the IAI headquarters to Panama, a 20% increase in voluntary contributions for FY 2024-2025, and the launch of a Collaborative Research Action on Tropical Forests. Key future initiatives include a June 2025 CRA on Oceans, the establishment of an Indigenous Peoples Advisory Committee, and the rollout of a scientific diplomacy curriculum in early 2025. The report also confirms that the 33rd Conference of the Parties (CoP-33) will be held in Paraguay in May 2025.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) provides a guide for developing financial instruments for climate adaptation, drawing on a decade of experience from the Global Innovation Lab for Climate Finance (The Lab). It identifies key barriers to adaptation finance—such as high perceived risk, limited investor awareness, and a lack of bankable pipelines—and outlines a five-step framework for structuring successful instruments: defining a resilience thesis, building robust pipelines, strategic funder engagement, cultivating collaborations, and measuring impact.

This report defines "energy parks" as large-scale microgrids that co-locate renewable energy generation, storage, and electricity consumers (loads) behind a single point of interconnection (POI) to the bulk power grid. The authors argue that this model reduces equipment costs, accelerates the "time to power" for industrial loads, and provides flexible grid services. The document outlines the evolution of these parks from simple solar farms with high inverter-loading ratios to complex hybrids involving thermal batteries and hydrogen electrolysis. It identifies significant regulatory hurdles, including interconnection queue delays, wholesale market participation rules, and state-level utility monopolies, and proposes a shift toward treating energy parks as "digital resources" with a universal participation model.

This research paper by Ranja Sengupta analyzes the role and impact of agricultural subsidies in India, specifically focusing on price support and input subsidies. It argues that while these mechanisms face criticism for inefficiency and environmental impact, they remain essential for rural livelihoods, food security, and protecting small farmers against global market volatility and the effects of developed nations' agricultural subsidies.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines carbon leakage—the displacement of production and emissions to countries with lower climate ambition—and evaluates a toolkit of policy responses including Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs), cost-containment measures, subsidies, and product standards.

This briefing from the World Resources Institute outlines the necessity for a next generation of industrial policies in the United States to achieve net zero emissions, noting that the industrial sector is projected to be the highest emitting sector by 2030.

A report by Global Energy Monitor (GEM) reveals that major oil and gas power plant owners use accounting loopholes in the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol to hide billions of dollars in climate costs. By analyzing five top companies using the Global Energy Ownership Tracker and Climate TRACE data, GEM identified 10.7 million tonnes of undisclosed CO2 emissions for 2022, representing $2 billion in annual social costs.

Zero Carbon Analytics reports on the economic benefits of rooftop solar for households, specifically simulating potential savings for Japanese homes in FY 2020. The report argues that while Japan has the lowest clean energy share among G7 nations, it has significant untapped potential for residential solar to reduce electricity costs and carbon emissions.

A statement from World Resources Institute President and CEO Ani Dasgupta regarding the COP29 climate finance agreement, which establishes a new goal of $300 billion per year by 2035 and a broader target of $1.3 trillion from all sources.

This research paper examines the strategic importance of South Africa's G20 presidency, which begins on 1 December 2024. The author argues that South Africa is uniquely positioned to advocate for the reform of global debt governance and the integration of sustainable finance to address Africa's severe sovereign debt crisis and climate vulnerabilities.

A statement by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) outlining the necessary components for an effective global plastics treaty during the INC-5 negotiations in Busan, Republic of Korea, emphasizing the need for production caps and bans on hazardous chemicals.

The Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2025 evaluates 63 countries and the European Union, representing 90% of global emissions, across emissions, renewables, and climate policy. While renewable energy shares have increased in 61 of the 64 assessed entities over the last five years, the report finds that many high-emitting nations continue to rely on fossil fuels, leaving the top three overall ranks vacant.

The "Electrify Your Community" guide by RMI provides a five-step framework for local governments and community-based organizations to implement residential heat pump deployment programs. The guide focuses on scaling air-source and ground-source heat pumps and heat pump water heaters to reduce residential greenhouse gas emissions, leveraging federal incentives from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA).

This fact sheet from RMI explains the role of supply-side policies in driving investment and production of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), including battery electric, plug-in hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles, across eight key global markets.

The paper argues that Africa faces unsustainable public debt levels due to a shift toward private and non-traditional creditors, which increases borrowing costs and crowds out climate and social investments. It concludes that current G20 and Common Framework relief mechanisms are insufficient and calls for a fundamental overhaul of the global financial system.

A briefing by the NewClimate Institute reporting that global warming projections for 2100 have remained stagnant since 2021, with current policies leading to a median projected warming of 2.7°C.

This research paper examines the governance challenges of solar radiation modification (SRM), arguing that the current fragmented landscape risks unilateral deployment and the marginalization of the Global South. The authors advocate for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to formally integrate SRM into its agenda, specifically suggesting COP29 in Baku as a starting point to ensure that ethical, social, and justice-based considerations guide the technology's development.