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This technical appendix details the benefit-cost analysis (BCA) methodology used by RMI to evaluate seven transmission projects. It outlines the calculation of three core benefits—congestion relief, resource adequacy, and public policy savings—and describes the financial models used to determine costs based on ownership structure (investor-owned, public power, or independent merchant).

This briefing note by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS) and E3G examines the intersection of global trade, climate policy, and the energy transition. It analyzes how the shift away from fossil fuels reshapes geopolitical power and trade flows, highlighting the disproportionate risks and opportunities for developing countries. The document advocates for proactive trade policy reforms, increased financial support, and international coordination to ensure an equitable transition that avoids protectionism and supports climate-resilient development in the Global South.

This report by RMI argues that the US steel industry faces a critical decision point regarding seven aging coal-based blast furnaces in the Great Lakes region. The author contends that investing hundreds of millions of dollars to 'reline' these furnaces to extend their life by 20 years risks creating stranded assets, perpetuating severe local pollution, and missing the transition to low-emissions steel. Instead, the report advocates for a transition to Hydrogen-Ready Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) coupled with Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) to ensure long-term competitiveness and align with climate goals.

This fact sheet by RMI outlines low-carbon alternatives to conventional ammonia production, which currently relies on the carbon-intensive Haber-Bosch process and Steam-Methane Reforming, accounting for over 1 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.

RMI proposes a 'whole-systems' approach to energy efficiency that combines electrification with 'energy end-use efficiency'—reducing the actual energy services required. By focusing on land-use, passive design, and material circularity, the report argues that overall energy demand can be reduced by 50-75% in some sectors, far exceeding the COP28 goal of a 4% annual improvement rate.

The report by the Africa Policy Research Institute (APRI) analyzes the landscape of bilateral and multilateral agreements between African states and global powers to secure critical minerals essential for the green energy and digital transitions. It examines the strategies of twelve key actors—including China, Russia, the EU, and the US—highlighting a trend toward resource diplomacy driven by national security concerns and the need to diversify supply chains away from dominant suppliers.

The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) issued a statement on January 20, 2025, condemning the 47th President of the United States' inaugural actions. CIEL claims the administration's executive orders dismantle environmental protections and human rights safeguards, expand fossil fuel production, and target marginalized populations with hateful policies, thereby threatening global cooperation and climate safety.

A statement from the World Resources Institute (WRI) reacting to President Donald Trump's announcement on January 20, 2025, that the United States will withdraw from the Paris Agreement on climate change.

This research paper examines social-ecological interactions in the Arizona-Sonora borderlands using a modified driver-response conceptual model to analyze how human and physical processes mutually condition one another in response to global change.

This research paper proposes using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) framework as an organizing principle for transboundary conservation policy to address the fact that political borders rarely align with ecological boundaries.

This research paper examines the intersection of climate change and globalization in the U.S.-Mexico border region, focusing on water scarcity and the potential for binational social learning to increase resilience.

This research paper examines the vulnerabilities and adaptive strategies of agricultural and livestock producers in southeastern Arizona, finding that while groundwater use is a critical adaptation strategy, the utility of seasonal climate forecasts is limited by low risk tolerance and economic uncertainty.

This research paper examines a decade-long initiative in the Arizona-Sonora region of the U.S.-Mexico border to strengthen transboundary adaptive management. It highlights that adaptive capacity is increased through binational collaboration, the use of integrated assessments to address hydroclimatic and urbanization pressures, and the role of academic institutions as boundary organizations connecting scientists with stakeholders.

This report by RMI analyzes the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the US chemical industry, focusing on six primary chemicals: hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, ethylene, propylene, and benzene. It identifies 20 emissions reduction levers across four categories—alternative production methods, alternative heat sources, cleaner operations, and alternative feedstocks—and evaluates their current deployability and maximum potential to reach a net-zero sector by 2050.

A briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics analyzing the feasibility and necessity of the European Union increasing US LNG imports to replace Russian gas, concluding that existing and under-construction US capacity is already sufficient to meet this goal without further approvals.

This report by Ember analyses Energy Information Administration (EIA) data to demonstrate how solar power and battery storage met a significant portion of the United States' rising electricity demand in 2025.

This research paper examines the dynamics of cross-border collaboration in climate variability research, specifically drawing on three international projects between the US and Argentina to identify factors that foster or impede the production of high-quality, usable knowledge.

This research paper examines how irrigation efficiency and water savings can lead to unintended consequences—categorized as paradoxes—that may impair river basin resilience and negatively impact ecological flows and non-irrigation water uses.

This research paper examines the use of interbasin water and wastewater transfers in Nogales, Sonora, to manage water scarcity driven by population growth, climate warming, and institutional asymmetries. It specifically analyzes the export of wastewater to the US and the Alisos basin, concluding that these strategies exacerbate water scarcity in Nogales and cause negative health, environmental, and livelihood impacts in the source basin.

This report by RMI uses polyester as a case study to analyze how product definitions and demand from retail sectors can accelerate the market for low-emissions chemicals. It identifies specific technological pathways to reduce the lifecycle emissions of polyester t-shirts and argues that setting emissions reduction thresholds at upstream stages (such as the PET resin step) is more effective at driving chemical industry decarbonization than setting them at the finished fabric stage.