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This pre-issuance verification statement, produced by Beijing Zhongcai Green Financing Consultant Ltd., confirms that a proposed bond issuance by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd. (ICBC), London Branch, aligns with the Climate Bonds Standard (CBS) Version 2.1.

DNV GL Business Assurance Australia Pty Ltd provided a pre-issuance assurance statement for a senior unsecured SDG Green Bond proposed by National Australia Bank Limited (NAB). The verification confirms that the bond complies with the Climate Bonds Standard Version 2.1 (CBS v2.1) and associated sector technical criteria, and aligns with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs).

The Healthy NDC Scorecard is a visual tool designed to evaluate whether national climate commitments (NDCs) are sufficient to protect human health, measuring them against the Paris Agreement and science-aligned targets.

This report by the Global Climate and Health Alliance (GCHA) provides reflections from its members on the outcomes of the 78th World Health Assembly (WHA78) in May 2025. It details key policy achievements, such as the adoption of the Global Action Plan on Climate and Health and the first pandemic agreement, while highlighting critical gaps regarding fossil fuel phase-outs and implementation uncertainties.

This annexure provides a detailed source-sink mapping and cluster analysis for the decarbonization of India's steel sector using Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS). It identifies specific industrial clusters in the eastern region, estimates their CO2 emissions and storage requirements, and maps available storage capacities in saline aquifers and coal fields. Additionally, it outlines global CCUS operational projects and compares policy frameworks in the US, EU, UK, and China.

This research paper analyzes the impact of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on low-carbon investment and innovation in manufacturing firms. Based on interviews with approximately 800 firms across six European countries, the study examines how carbon pricing influences energy-saving measures, R&D for clean processes and products, and the strategic behavior of firms within the carbon market.

This guide from the Climate Policy Initiative explains the role of concessional and private equity in financing climate change mitigation and adaptation. It details how equity can be used as a risk-absorbing instrument to mobilize commercial capital, particularly in emerging markets, and outlines the capacity and regulatory requirements for governments to effectively deploy these instruments.

The briefing describes FAST-Infra (Finance to Accelerate the Sustainable Transition – Infrastructure), a public-private partnership designed to increase private investment in sustainable infrastructure within developing countries. The initiative focuses on creating a sustainable infrastructure labeling system and developing four specific market mechanisms to mobilize capital.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative and the Global Center on Adaptation analyzes the widening gap between adaptation finance needs and actual flows, with a specific focus on Africa. It highlights that current funding is insufficient, heavily reliant on debt, and concentrated in a few countries, while calling for standardized tracking and more ambitious public and private commitments to avoid massive economic losses.

This guide from the Climate Policy Initiative explains parametric insurance, a financial tool that provides rapid, fixed payouts based on predetermined triggers (such as wind speed or rainfall) rather than assessed losses. It details the instrument's role in maintaining fiscal liquidity and debt sustainability, the capacity requirements for governments to implement it, and the various commercial and concessional providers available globally.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and the Global Center on Adaptation analyzes international public climate adaptation finance for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) between 2021 and 2022. It identifies a significant funding gap, noting that current annual flows of approximately $2 billion are far below the estimated annual need of $11.7 billion. The report highlights that a large portion of this finance is provided as debt, posing macroeconomic risks, and calls for a shift from GNI-based ODA eligibility to a multidimensional vulnerability index to improve financial access.

This white paper by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the exposure of the Indian financial sector to climate-related risks and outlines a pathway for integration and product innovation. It highlights the vulnerability of India's economy to climate change, the current gaps in risk management and data within the banking, insurance, and capital markets, and provides a framework for implementing climate stress tests and disclosures aligned with international standards like the TCFD.

This document is a response by the NGO Sandbag to a joint consultation by the UK, Scottish, Welsh, and Northern Irish governments regarding the future of carbon pricing in the UK. Sandbag argues against the creation of a standalone UK Emissions Trading System (ETS), citing risks of high volatility and market failure. Instead, it recommends that the UK remain part of the EU ETS or, if that is not possible, implement a carbon tax with a price floor based on EU ETS averages. The response also suggests expanding carbon pricing to fossil gas and fugitive methane, ending the zero-emissions treatment of large-scale biomass burning, and distributing carbon revenues to citizens as a 'climate dividend'.

This executive summary from Ember reports that wind and solar power reached 10.3% of global electricity generation in 2021. While clean energy sources collectively provided 38% of global electricity, the report highlights a concerning record increase in coal power and carbon emissions, driven largely by surging electricity demand in Asia.

The report 'Playing With Fire' by Sandbag assesses plans to convert European coal power stations to burn biomass, primarily wood pellets. It argues that these conversions, driven by EU legislation and subsidies, risk accelerating climate change due to long carbon payback periods and significant forest loss, while providing minimal electricity relative to the cost and environmental impact.

This guide details the methodology used by Ember for its monthly wind and solar capacity dataset, which as of March 20, 2026, covers 25 countries and regions representing approximately 92% of global solar and 91% of global wind capacity.

This report outlines the methodology used by Ember to estimate the annual subsidies required to deploy Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) at the Drax biomass power station. It details the calculation of Reference and Strike Prices for a dual-Contract for Difference (CfD) covering both electricity (CfDe) and carbon (CfDc), while noting the high degree of uncertainty due to a lack of commercial-scale power-BECCS projects.

Ember's response to the Net Zero Review argues that the UK can achieve clean power by 2030 to combat inflation and energy prices, while calling for planning reforms and the removal of biomass subsidies to meet 2050 targets.

This report by Ember analyzes the North Sea's position as the world's largest offshore wind basin, detailing its current capacity, recent installation records, and the strategic necessity of international collaboration to overcome supply chain challenges and enhance European energy security.

This report by Ember examines how the closure of the Strait of Hormuz exposes the fragility of global fossil fuel dependencies, particularly in Asia, and argues that scaling 'electrotech' (EVs, solar, wind, batteries, and heat pumps) provides a viable path to energy security and economic independence.