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This report by Ember analyses electricity generation data to demonstrate that fossil fuel power has reached a structural peak and is in permanent decline across all 38 OECD member countries as of 2025. It highlights how the rapid scaling of solar and wind is displacing thermal generation, a trend that is now extending into major emerging economies like China and India.

This research paper presents a systematic literature review of empirical examples of water injustice and corresponding responses within OECD river basins under the influence of climate change, identifying gaps in current governance and research.

This report analyzes the climate transition progress of 594 pension funds in OECD countries, representing USD 22.5 trillion in assets, using data from the Net Zero Finance Tracker (NZFT). It evaluates funds across targets, implementation, and impacts, finding that while target-setting is increasing, significant fossil fuel exposure remains, and progress is heavily dependent on mandatory regulatory frameworks.

This executive summary from the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the climate transition progress of 594 pension funds in OECD countries, representing USD 22.5 trillion in assets. Using the Net Zero Finance Tracker (NZFT), the report evaluates these funds across targets, implementation, and impact, highlighting a trend of increasing climate target adoption and improved risk management, while noting a persistent material exposure to fossil fuel expansion.

This report by Ember analyzes the gap between national renewable energy targets and the global goal to triple renewable capacity by 2030, as agreed upon at COP28. It finds that while market forecasts for solar and battery storage are surging, government targets have remained largely stagnant, collectively aiming only for a doubling of capacity rather than a tripling.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) issued a statement welcoming a new joint ministerial coalition on fossil fuel subsidy (FFS) reform launched by the Netherlands at COP 28. While the IISD views the coalition as a promising 'first-mover club', it provides six specific recommendations to ensure the initiative converts international commitments into national policy frameworks by COP 29.

This report by Ember outlines a pathway for the global electricity sector to reach net zero emissions by 2040, referencing the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Net Zero Emissions (NZE) scenario as a realistic trajectory to align with the 1.5 degrees Celsius goal.

The 2020 report by Global Energy Monitor indicates a general global decline in the coal power pipeline, with construction starts and pre-construction development falling significantly since 2015. However, the global coal fleet grew in 2019 by 34.1 GW, primarily due to a surge of plants entering operation in China. Conversely, the OECD, US, and EU saw continued declines in capacity and generation. Despite these trends, the report notes that current reductions are insufficient to meet the Paris Agreement's goal of reducing coal use by 80% by 2030.

Boom & Bust 2020 is a report by Global Energy Monitor and partners analyzing global coal-fired power plant development in 2019. It details a general decline in the pipeline for new coal capacity, driven by financial restrictions and climate commitments, though this trend is countered by significant new capacity coming online in China.

The 2019 Global Coal Plant Tracker report reveals a contradictory trend: while the global pipeline for new coal plants has shrunk by two-thirds since 2015 and generation fell by 3% in 2019, net global capacity actually increased by 34.1 GW due to a surge of new plants in China. Western commercial banks have largely ceased direct financing for coal, but Chinese state banks and Indian state-owned finance corporations continue to provide significant funding. The report emphasizes that current trends are insufficient to meet the IPCC's goal of an 80% reduction in coal use by 2030 to limit global warming to 1.5°C.

This report by Global Energy Monitor, Sierra Club, Greenpeace, and CREA analyzes global coal power plant trends in 2019. It highlights a general decline in new coal development and operational capacity globally, though this trend is heavily skewed by China, which continued to increase its capacity. The report details the financial pressures on the coal industry, the role of public funding, and regional shifts in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and the OECD.

This fact sheet describes a EUR 300 million green covered bond issued by Nord/LB on January 28, 2020, to finance and refinance renewable energy projects, specifically onshore wind, offshore wind, solar power, and energy storage.

This 2015 research paper argues that removing fossil-fuel subsidies could reduce global GHG emissions by 6-13% by 2050, though this potential is maximized when combined with binding emission caps and investments in low-carbon infrastructure. It provides a roadmap for countries to integrate subsidy reform into their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) and other UNFCCC processes to unlock government savings and accelerate the energy transition.

This document compares over 40 studies on regional GHG reduction targets based on various effort-sharing approaches. It finds that targets vary significantly by approach and region; for a 450 ppm CO2e stabilization level by 2030, OECD 1990 allowances would be roughly half of 2010 levels, while other regions like Asia and Latin America would see different relative reductions. The author notes that current literature covers only a small fraction of possible allocation approaches and calls for more in-depth modelling.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) examines the potential for institutional investors—such as pension funds and insurance companies—to fund renewable energy infrastructure. It identifies three primary investment channels and analyzes the policy, regulatory, and institutional barriers that prevent these investors from lowering the cost of capital for renewable energy projects.

This fact sheet by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) compares the methodologies and estimates used by four international organizations—the OECD, IEA, IMF, and GSI—to measure government support and subsidies for fossil fuels. It highlights how differences in coverage, definitions, and measurement techniques (such as the 'Inventory Approach' versus the 'Price-Gap Approach') lead to varying headline estimates.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute evaluates whether the Stern Review underestimated climate damages for the United States and the world. By revising parameters in the PAGE2002 model—specifically regarding adaptation, catastrophic risk, and the damage function—the authors argue that business-as-usual damages in 2100 could be significantly higher than the Stern Review's estimates, rising from 2.2 percent of global GDP to 10.8 percent.

The document outlines a panel's recommendations for enhancing African agriculture through science, technology, institutional development, and policy reform to improve food security and income.

This legal opinion by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) analyzes the obligations of OECD members regarding the trade of plastic wastes following the OECD's failure to reach a consensus on incorporating the Basel Convention's Plastic Waste Amendments into the OECD Decision on the trade of wastes. The analysis concludes that plastic wastes classified as "other wastes" under the Basel Convention fall outside the scope of the OECD Decision, meaning OECD members who are Parties to the Basel Convention must apply Basel's control and prohibition mechanisms. CIEL further argues that separate agreements, such as those between the US and Canada or within the EU, fail to meet the equivalence requirements of Article 11 of the Basel Convention and are therefore invalid for bypassing Basel controls.

This NGO position paper argues that the OECD must fully integrate the Basel Convention's Plastic Amendment to ensure the environmentally sound management of plastic waste. It contends that current proposals to weaken these controls via 'specifications' or 'lighter' administrative approaches are illegal under Article 11 of the Basel Convention. The authors suggest that if the United States does not withdraw its objection to the amendment, a non-consensus decision should be reached, which would remove all plastic waste from the OECD Decision's scope and subject trade to Basel Convention rules.