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This research paper uses a discrete choice experiment to evaluate individual preferences for policies reducing hydropeaking in regulated rivers, weighing local environmental benefits against the potential for increased CO2 emissions.

The Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) tool, developed by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), is a simulation-based methodology designed to integrate environmental, social, and economic risks and externalities into the financial valuation of infrastructure assets.

This report by the Centre for Environmental Rights examines the negative environmental and social externalities of coal-fired power generation in South Africa, with a primary focus on water use, pollution, and the associated economic costs. It argues that current energy planning, specifically the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), fails to internalise these costs, leading to a misrepresentation of the total cost of coal compared to renewable energy alternatives.

This fact sheet by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) compares the methodologies and estimates used by four international organizations—the OECD, IEA, IMF, and GSI—to measure government support and subsidies for fossil fuels. It highlights how differences in coverage, definitions, and measurement techniques (such as the 'Inventory Approach' versus the 'Price-Gap Approach') lead to varying headline estimates.

This report analyzes a 3.75 billion dollar World Bank loan to Eskom Holding Limited for an energy project in South Africa, arguing that the Bank's economic evaluation failed to account for environmental externalities and social costs, potentially leading to a systemic over-investment in large-scale centralized power projects.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) critiques the World Bank's 3.75 billion dollar loan to Eskom Holding Limited for the Eskom Investment Support Project in South Africa. The authors argue that the Bank failed to comply with its own Operational Policy 10.04 (OP 10.04) by neglecting to fully quantify and incorporate environmental and social externalities—specifically regarding water scarcity, air quality, and transboundary impacts—into the project's Economic Evaluation, thereby overstating the project's net benefits.

This report, prepared by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) for Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), develops a conceptual methodology called the 'Impact Pathway approach' to value changes in agri-environmental indicators. The report tests this methodology on five specific indicators: Risk of Water Erosion, Risk of Water Contamination by Phosphorus, GHG Emissions, Energy Use Efficiency, and Wildlife Habitat Availability. It identifies critical data gaps, particularly in transport modelling for water-related indicators, and explores linkages between these valuations and integrated economic-environmental modelling and social indicators.

This fact sheet by the Centre for Environmental Rights details the estimated annual water-related externality costs for the Kusile coal-fired power station and argues that the Draft Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity (2016) misrepresents the total costs of coal by failing to account for these externalities.

This guide explains how the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) performs integrated social cost-benefit analysis to compare energy system scenarios, focusing on social opportunity costs rather than financial viability or consumer prices.