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The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) issued a statement welcoming a new joint ministerial coalition on fossil fuel subsidy (FFS) reform launched by the Netherlands at COP 28. While the IISD views the coalition as a promising 'first-mover club', it provides six specific recommendations to ensure the initiative converts international commitments into national policy frameworks by COP 29.

The document analyzes climate adaptation in Senegal, highlighting the alignment of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) with the Senegal Emerging Plan 2035. While the government has prioritized eight vulnerable sectors and local communities have developed effective grassroots adaptation strategies, the country faces significant challenges in evidence-based knowledge, the integration of indigenous practices into policy, and a substantial financing gap of USD 14.5 billion by 2030.