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The policy brief outlines how Poland can use its 2025 EU Council presidency to influence the EU's energy and climate agenda. It emphasizes the need for a technology-inclusive approach to industrial decarbonisation—including CCS and clean hydrogen—to address regional cost disparities and ensure energy security. The brief also highlights the importance of mitigating socioeconomic impacts through retraining and equitable state aid, while promoting diverse energy solutions such as small modular reactors (SMRs) and geothermal energy.

The research examines the role of knowledge co-production between scientists and stakeholders in climate risk assessments, specifically using the impact chain method. It argues that conventional research often fails to provide actionable information for policy and practice, suggesting instead a flexible, iterative participatory approach to improve the uptake of climate services in planning and decision contexts.

The report discusses how climate change impacts the world's oceans and coastal communities, specifically highlighting that sea-level rise will cause severe suffering and disproportionately affect poorer, rural coastal areas. It notes that for small island states and politically fragile, climate-vulnerable countries, these changes constitute a matter of state and collective security. The findings are based on a November 2020 science-policy dialogue involving experts from Northern Europe.

The report argues that high perceived investor risks in South East Europe lead to inflated financing costs for renewables, making them less competitive than conventional power plants. It proposes specific de-risking measures—most notably the EU budget guarantee mechanism—that could reduce project costs by up to 20%, potentially bringing onshore wind costs down to 46 EUR/MWh in Greece and 54 EUR/MWh in Serbia.

The Tandem framework addresses the 'usability gap' in climate services by shifting from provider-led to collaborative, transdisciplinary co-design. It outlines a seven-step iterative process—ranging from identifying adaptation challenges to maintaining the service—supported by cross-cutting components like sustainable financing and capacity building. The framework is illustrated through an urban water security case study in Lusaka, Zambia, where co-produced hydrological models helped stakeholders assess water demand against climate scenarios.

The study assesses the 2018 heatwave in Northern Europe using observational data and climate models to determine the role of human-induced warming. It finds that the probability of such an event has increased across the region, with the most significant increases in probability estimated in Ireland, Denmark, and the Netherlands. While the heat was most extreme in the high Arctic (northern Finland), where it exceeded historical records, the risk ratio was more easily quantified in southern regions. The authors conclude that anthropogenic climate change made these heatwaves more likely, though the exact magnitude of the increase is harder to quantify in Scandinavia due to high natural variability.

The document examines the role of northern Europe, particularly Sweden, in the global production of iron ore and copper. It analyzes how global demand, dominated by China, creates 'boom and bust' cycles that impact local economies and environments. Using Chile as a comparative case, it highlights how resource scarcity and social resistance can limit production, while China's market dominance creates geopolitical dependencies for exporting nations. For northern Europe, the brief suggests that stable regulatory frameworks and assured ancillary resources may attract investment, though stakeholders must remain wary of the social and political implications of foreign mining companies.

The ClimateCost project estimates significant health risks for Europe under a medium-to-high emission (A1B) scenario, with heat-related mortality and coastal flooding causing the highest welfare costs. Heat-related deaths are projected to reach 127,000 per year by the 2080s, though this is reduced by acclimatisation and mitigation (E1 scenario). Salmonellosis cases and labour productivity losses are also expected to rise, particularly in Southern Europe. The report highlights that technical adaptation, such as sea dikes, can drastically reduce coastal flood fatalities, while other health adaptation measures remain under-researched.

The ClimateCost project analysed three emissions scenarios (A1B, E1, and RCP8.5) to project temperature and precipitation changes. Findings indicate that global temperatures could rise by 2.4°C to 3.4°C by 2071-2100 under the A1B scenario, with Europe experiencing more intense summer warming, particularly in the south. While the E1 mitigation scenario reduces these increases, projections for all scenarios do not significantly diverge until after 2040, emphasizing the need for immediate adaptation. Precipitation projections show higher uncertainty, but suggest wetter winters for Northern Europe and drier conditions for Southern Europe.

The report finds that climate change will increase summer cooling demand and decrease winter heating demand in Europe, with the A1B scenario leading to significantly higher costs. While physical energy reductions in heating are larger than cooling increases, the higher cost of electricity for cooling makes the economic impacts more balanced. The study also identifies risks to energy supply, including reduced hydroelectricity generation and lower efficiency for thermal and nuclear power plants due to higher temperatures. Adaptation measures, such as low-energy buildings, are discussed but noted as having a low evidence base for cost-benefit analysis.

The document argues that carbon capture and storage (CCS) is essential for the EU to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, particularly for harder-to-abate sectors like cement, steel, and chemicals. The signatories call for the Clean Industrial Deal to address critical gaps, including the lack of operational commercial-scale storage sites in the EU and the need for cross-border transport networks. Key recommendations include ensuring geographically balanced storage development to avoid leaving Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe behind, creating strong demand signals for decarbonised products through public procurement, and addressing funding gaps via the Competitiveness Fund and Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI). The letter also emphasizes the need for international partnerships, specifically mentioning the removal of regulatory barriers to access storage in the UK and the Mediterranean Sea.