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The report analyzes the implementation of the Effort Sharing Decision (ESD), which targets non-ETS sectors responsible for nearly 60% of EU emissions. While 15 Member States are projected to over-achieve their 2020 targets, others face significant gaps, particularly in road transport and buildings. The document highlights that while the overall EU 2020 target is likely to be met, several countries rely on flexibility mechanisms or planned additional measures rather than existing policies to close their emission gaps.

The report assesses the 2009-2014 European Parliament term from a Green perspective, highlighting victories in energy efficiency, data protection, and fisheries, while critiquing the influence of fossil fuel and agro-industrial lobbies. It argues for a more democratic, social, and ecologically sustainable European Union to counter neoliberal austerity and conservative pushback.

The document is an open letter addressed to ministers and delegates of UNFCCC signatory states, urging them to adopt ambitious climate protection measures and stop the use of emissions trading to weaken climate commitments. The signatories, representing 33 countries, demand the rejection of a pilot phase for emissions unit trading under the Framework for Various Approaches (FVA), the prevention of double counting, and the exclusion of non-additional projects and coal from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). They also call for the cessation of fossil fuel subsidies and the implementation of human rights safeguards in climate projects.

The author contends that de-industrialisation is not a viable path to ecological goals, as industry is essential for financing welfare states, creating sustainable jobs, and providing the technology needed for the energy transition. The text advocates for a European industrial policy that internalises environmental costs via carbon pricing and ecotaxation, while ensuring social inclusiveness to overcome political resistance from carbon and nuclear lobbies.

The document updates the 2011 subsidy estimates for EU biofuels, reducing the total estimated support from €9,272–€10,653 million to €5,515–€6,896 million. This correction stems from an overestimation of the volume of biofuels eligible for fuel excise tax exemptions. While budgetary support figures for bioethanol and biodiesel were lowered, other support elements, such as market transfers, remain unchanged. The report also details the calculation methodologies for excise tax exemptions and market price support via blending mandates.

The Luxembourg Greens oppose the Fiscal Treaty, asserting that its debt brake mandates austerity and deepens social inequalities by ignoring the revenue side of public budgets. The document argues that austerity has failed to trigger economic recovery and instead proposes a Green New Deal focused on green infrastructure and environmental industrial transition. It suggests that a genuine European solution requires a minimum tax base to stop tax competition and the use of Eurobonds or a common sinking fund to manage national debt burdens.

The guide examines how states use 'registration' or 'approval' requirements in investment treaties to restrict which investments are eligible for protection and arbitration. It analyzes treaty examples from ASEAN and COMESA, as well as arbitral awards (Yaung Chi Oo, Gruslin, and Desert Line), to demonstrate that while these criteria are legitimate strategic tools for quality control, their effectiveness depends on precise drafting and clear procedural frameworks. The document recommends that states explicitly state these requirements as indispensable conditions and provide transparent, detailed procedures for compliance.

The document provides a detailed breakdown of climate finance pledges from various developed nations and the European Union, detailing the amounts pledged, the actual allocations made, the channeling institutions used, and the countries' positions on whether the funds are 'new and additional' to existing Official Development Assistance (ODA).

EU Environment Ministers failed to reach a consensus in Luxembourg on addressing the 13 billion tonne surplus of emission reduction permits from the first Kyoto commitment period. CDM Watch argues that this failure, driven largely by Poland's insistence on the unrestricted use of its surplus, weakens the EU's position for the Doha climate negotiations and threatens the environmental integrity of a second commitment period. The document highlights that the surplus, often termed "hot air," does not represent real emission reductions, as countries like Poland, Russia, and Ukraine had emissions levels well below their targets at the time of the Kyoto Protocol's adoption.

The research develops a Composite Forest Biodiversity Indicator (CFBI) to measure the qualitative and quantitative changes in forest ecosystems across 17 European countries. Using a three-stage-least-squares (3SLS) regression model, the authors analyze how rising temperatures, socio-economic factors, and biodiversity loss impact the economic value of provisioning, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services. The findings indicate that while warming generally reduces biodiversity, its effect on ecosystem service values varies by region and service type, suggesting that biodiversity management can mitigate some negative climate impacts.

The letter expresses concern that carbon offsets are undermining EU climate goals by stifling domestic emission reductions and supporting projects that lack environmental integrity. It specifically highlights the negative impacts of coal-fired power plants and large hydro projects in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), as well as the lack of transparency in Track 1 Joint Implementation (JI).

The report details a seminar on the complexities of unionisation within the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). It examines the tension between constitutional rights to freedom of association and the requirements of military discipline and national security. Key discussions focus on the adversarial relationship between the Department of Defence (DOD) and unions like SANDU, the impact of underfunding and deteriorating equipment on soldier morale, and the need for improved grievance mechanisms and a National Defence Force Service Commission to address service conditions.

The WTO Panel found that the EC's de facto moratorium on biotech approvals and several product-specific delays violated procedural requirements of the SPS Agreement by causing "undue delay." Additionally, safeguard measures adopted by EC Member States (including France, Germany, Italy, and Greece) were found inconsistent with the SPS Agreement because they were not based on a risk assessment. However, the Panel ruled that the general moratorium itself was a procedural decision rather than a substantive SPS measure, meaning it was not subject to the science-based risk assessment requirements of Article 5.1. The Panel also rejected the EC's argument that the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety should be used to interpret WTO rules, as not all parties to the dispute were parties to those treaties.

The document criticizes the European Investment Bank (EIB) for a lack of transparency in its project financing, specifically regarding the timing and detail of information disclosure. While the EIB adopted a new Transparency Policy on June 15, 2004, NGOs argue that the bank continues to prioritize commercial confidentiality over the public's right to know, often releasing Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) only after project approval. The text contrasts the EIB's restrictive approach with the more open standards of the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and outlines specific demands for the EIB to publish project documentation 120 days before Council decisions.

The document criticizes the European Investment Bank (EIB) for its restrictive information policies, which often prioritize commercial confidentiality over public access to project details. While noting a 2004 transparency declaration, the authors argue that critical documents like Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are frequently unavailable before loan approval, preventing effective public consultation. The text contrasts the EIB's practices unfavorably with those of the World Bank and EBRD and outlines specific NGO demands for systemic transparency reforms.

The document examines Monsanto's attempt to redefine its business strategy around sustainable development and biotechnology under CEO Robert Shapiro. While the company achieved significant market share in genetically engineered crops and high initial financial returns, it faced a severe global backlash from NGOs, consumers, and governments, particularly in Europe. The analysis attributes this failure to a 'one-size-fits-all' strategy that ignored the needs of developing countries, a lack of stakeholder engagement, and a corporate culture that prioritized short-term value capture and intellectual property enforcement over transparency and public dialogue. The document concludes that Monsanto's reliance on a 'symbolic' strategic mode—focused on vision without corresponding transactive learning or rational alignment—led to its eventual merger with Pharmacia & Upjohn in 1999.

The report examines the carbon-intensive nature of steel production, highlighting ArcelorMittal South Africa's (AMSA) increasing emissions and its impact on local communities in the Vaal triangle. It argues that ArcelorMittal Group maintains a double standard by prioritizing decarbonization in Europe over the Global South. The document identifies financial institutions (such as ABSA and the IFC) and the automobile industry (including Ford and Toyota) as key stakeholders with the leverage to push for a fossil-free transition. It recommends that ArcelorMittal end coal use by 2040 and provide verifiable asset-by-asset transformation plans by 2025.

This document is an attestation report issued by Ernst & Young Hua Ming LLP on 7 September 2018, providing a limited assurance opinion on the pre-issuance description of China Construction Bank Luxemburg Branch’s 2018 Green Bond.

The document outlines the role of green bonds in transforming financial centres into sustainable hubs, highlighting European market leadership and specific city-level case studies in listing, sovereign issuance, and development banking.

The report highlights a significant gap between current EU agricultural emissions trends and the 2030 and 2050 climate targets. It identifies the absence of agriculture from the EU Taxonomy as a major barrier to defining sustainable activities. The author proposes repurposing the CAP, which accounts for approximately 30% of the EU budget, to fund a transition that requires an estimated annual public investment of EUR 155bn to reduce emissions by 53% by 2050. Key recommendations include adopting science-based sectoral criteria, reforming payment structures to reward green practices, and potentially extending the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to agrifood products to prevent carbon leakage.