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Power moves and power failures
The analysis finds that none of the five examined electricity producers have a robust transition plan aligned with a 1.5°C limit, specifically lacking firm commitments to exit fossil gas by 2035. While Iberdrola and Statkraft show better practices and a shift toward sustainable energy, Enel, ENGIE, and EPH continue to develop gas plants and require coal exit plans focused on closures rather than sales to ensure absolute emission reductions.
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Document type: Executive summary
It doesn’t have to be hate speech to harm
The statement emphasizes that while countering hate speech is essential, addressing 'micro-aggressions'—such as misogyny and racism—is equally critical because their cumulative effect can silence voices and erode democratic institutions. It highlights the limitations of current online platform moderation and promotes WACC's social media monitoring tool to combat online misogyny.
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Document type: Statement
Piège énergétique en Europe : les banques soutiennent le gaz fossile avec Stade LNG
The document criticizes the financing of the Stade LNG terminal in Germany, arguing that such projects create an unnecessary dependence on fossil gas and contradict climate goals. It highlights a disconnect between banks' public climate commitments and their continued funding of LNG import and export infrastructure.
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Document type: Statement
China’s ‘spare’ solar capacity offers climate and energy access opportunity
The report identifies a significant gap between global solar panel manufacturing capacity and projected deployment, resulting in 'spare' capacity of 3,837 GW between 2024 and 2030. Utilizing this surplus could enable the world to exceed the COP28 target of tripling renewable energy capacity by 2030, reaching 13,345 GW (a 21% excess). The document argues that deploying just one-seventh of this spare capacity could meet the electricity demand growth and extend basic energy access to the entire populations of 88 analyzed Global South countries. It highlights that 80-85% of manufacturing is based in China, where companies are already facing investment delays and layoffs due to under-deployment. The report suggests a 'win-win-win' scenario where China maintains its industry, Global South nations gain energy independence and access, and developed nations fulfill their climate finance responsibilities.
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Document type: Report
Climate-smart agricultural practices and technologies adoption
The study examines the drivers and barriers to the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) across five European production systems, incorporating perspectives from a wide range of stakeholders beyond just farmers. The primary drivers for adoption are economic, institutional/policy, and personal/psychological factors, while the main barriers are economic, technology-related, and institutional/policy factors. Stakeholders suggest that overcoming these hurdles requires financial support, policy reform, capacity-building, and improved coordination and communication strategies to make CSA practices more attractive to farmers.
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Document type: Research paper
People Exposed to Climate Change: March-May 2024
Between March and May 2024, global temperature records were broken for three consecutive months. Using the Climate Shift Index (CSI), the analysis found that approximately one in four people worldwide experienced temperatures at least three times more likely due to climate change (CSI level 3+) daily. Exposure peaked on April 6, 2024, with 2.7 billion people affected. The most severe impacts were concentrated in Africa, Southeast Asia, Central America, and South America, with 44% of Africa's population experiencing the most extreme attributable heat (CSI level 5 for 60+ days). The report also highlights a strong regional contrast in the U.S., where coastal areas and islands showed higher CSI signals despite lower temperature anomalies compared to the Upper Midwest.
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Document type: Report
A Balancing Act
The report warns that Nigeria's 'decade of gas' strategy, involving a planned USD 18.5bn investment in LNG infrastructure, risks creating stranded assets as global demand is forecast to fall by 2030. While Nigeria is currently the world's sixth largest LNG exporter, the report argues that prioritizing LNG may hinder economic diversification, increase fossil fuel subsidies, and expose the economy to external price fluctuations and climate-driven demand declines in Europe.
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Document type: Report
Why Liquefied Natural Gas Expansion in Canada Is Not Worth the Risk
The document assesses the viability of Canada's planned LNG expansion, concluding that it is incompatible with 1.5°C global warming targets and economically precarious. It highlights that new facilities would increase domestic emissions and divert clean energy resources. Economically, the brief warns of a global supply glut by 2030, with Canadian projects struggling to compete against lower-cost producers in Qatar and the United States, thereby risking significant losses for taxpayers and investors.
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Document type: Policy brief
Sustainable Debt Market Summary Q1 2024
The report details a record-breaking Q1 2024 for aligned GSS+ debt, with USD 272.7bn added. Green bonds dominated the market, while Europe remained the primary regional source. The report also highlights the growth of sovereign GSS+ issuance, the emergence of nuclear energy in green bond frameworks in North America, and the evolving alignment of sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs) with Climate Bonds' methodology.
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Document type: Report
España mantiene el liderazgo en energía solar, pero necesita acelerar el ritmo para cumplir los objetivos de renovables para 2030
Spain is a European leader in commercial-scale solar energy, with the highest operational capacity (29.5 GW) and a massive pipeline of projects. However, to meet its 2030 targets of 81 GW of solar and 62 GW of wind, the country must overcome permitting bottlenecks, low adoption of small-scale rooftop solar, and infrastructure limitations. While solar targets are achievable given the current pipeline, wind energy requires a significant acceleration in deployment rates.
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Document type: Briefing
LIMBUA Group Limited: A Kenyan processing and marketing enterprise in the fruit and nut sector
The document evaluates LIMBUA Group Limited, a Kenyan SME processing macadamia, avocado, and mangoes, using the RAI Tool to measure compliance with CFS-RAI principles. The analysis finds high levels of compliance across most dimensions, particularly in human resource development and inclusive governance. LIMBUA supports 9,647 organic and FairTrade certified farmers in Embu and Kirinyaga counties, providing a 20% price premium and technical advisory services via its proprietary BioFarm digital system. Key challenges identified include competition from unethical brokers, climate change affecting production cycles, and difficulties in accessing local startup finance. The report recommends further investment in diversification, improved seasonal cash flow support for farmers, and government intervention to regulate brokers.
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Document type: Case study
Why Liquefied Natural Gas Expansion in Canada Is Not Worth the Risk
The document assesses the viability of Canadian LNG expansion, concluding that it is incompatible with climate goals and economically precarious. It highlights that new facilities would increase domestic emissions and potentially strand assets due to a projected global supply glut and declining demand in advanced economies. The brief specifically notes that Canadian projects face higher production costs than competitors in Qatar and the United States, making them reliant on substantial public subsidies. It recommends a shift in investment toward green industries to avoid economic shocks and environmental damage.
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Document type: Policy brief
POWER MOVES AND POWER FAILURES
The report evaluates the transition plans of Enel, ENGIE, EPH, Iberdrola, and Statkraft, finding that none have committed to phasing out fossil gas power in Europe or the OECD by 2035. While Iberdrola and Statkraft are highlighted as following better practices by focusing on sustainable power solutions, EPH is identified as an industry laggard with a strategy heavily reliant on coal and gas. Enel and ENGIE are described as having conflicting strategies that combine renewable growth with continued fossil gas development and reliance on immature technologies like hydrogen and CCUS. The analysis emphasizes that current CAPEX allocations for several utilities remain too high for fossil fuels to meet the IEA's Net-zero Emissions by 2050 scenario.
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Document type: Report
RESPONSIBLE INVESTING GETTING UNDERWAY 2023 ASSESSMENT OF ASSET MANAGERS’ APPROACHES TO ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS IN SEAFOOD-RELATED INVESTMENTS
The 2023 assessment by WWF reveals that while 31% of the 42 analyzed asset managers showed minor or moderate improvements in managing nature and biodiversity risks, specific action regarding the seafood sector remains low. Only one asset manager has publicly disclosed seafood-specific E&S expectations for investee companies. The report highlights significant gaps in expectations regarding sustainability certifications and supply chain traceability. It notes a positive trend in Japanese asset managers' progress, likely driven by national biodiversity and IUU fishing regulations. WWF recommends that asset managers formalize biodiversity risk statements into actionable policies, set time-bound sustainability targets, and develop targeted 'blue' financial products to support a sustainable blue economy.
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Document type: Report
Climate Change and the Escalation of Global Extreme Heat: Assessing and Addressing the Risks
The report finds that human-induced climate change significantly increased the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme heat globally from May 2023 to May 2024. Using the Climate Shift Index (CSI), the study determined that 6.3 billion people experienced at least 31 days of extreme heat made at least twice as likely by climate change. It identifies 76 extreme heat waves across 90 countries and highlights critical gaps in impact reporting, particularly in developing regions. The authors advocate for City Heat Action Plans and systemic adaptations to prevent heat-related fatalities.
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Document type: Report
CMW SCF DNSH Public Consultation
Carbon Market Watch calls for the Social Climate Fund to explicitly prohibit any investment in fossil fuel-based technologies, including 'low(er) carbon' alternatives like efficient gas boilers, to avoid locking low-income groups into long-term fossil fuel use and to prevent environmental degradation.
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Document type: Statement
Skills Governance and the TVET Ecosystem: Pioneering Systemic Innovations for the Emerging Green Hydrogen Economy
The document proposes a shift in South Africa's Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) ecosystem from a jobs-centric approach to one based on 'economic wellbeing,' which includes dignified labour, household care, ecosystem provisioning, and state infrastructure. To support the green hydrogen (GH2) economy, it recommends establishing a skills governance working group, creating green economy skills incubator hubs for experimentation, and adopting innovative financing like social and development impact bonds. Additionally, it advocates for a Universal Basic Dividend (UBD) funded by GH2 project profits to redistribute wealth from common resources and ensure a just energy transition, addressing historical land ownership disparities.
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Document type: Policy brief
Serviços básicos universais: uma vida mais verde e justa para todos
The text advocates for 'universal basic services'—publicly funded, sustainable access to essentials like transport, housing, and childcare—as a means to ensure a socially just ecological transition in Europe. It argues that current EU climate policies, such as the European Green Deal, are too reliant on market mechanisms and regulation, which can be regressive and disproportionately affect low-income households. The author contends that shifting from a GDP-centered growth model to one based on 'sufficiency' and collective action can reduce carbon intensity and combat inequality. To achieve this, the document calls for the removal of restrictive EU budgetary rules, the taxation of excess corporate profits and wealth, and a move away from using high interest rates to combat inflation, which the author claims hinders green investment.
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Document type: Statement
Urban Transformation to Carbon-Free
The text outlines a framework for European cities to transition to carbon-free status, focusing on the use of greenery and eco-designed photovoltaics. It argues that promoting net-zero or positive electricity generation can replace fossil fuels, although it notes uncertainties regarding actor engagement and practical implementation of the energy transition. The proposed approach utilizes variable climatic conditions to establish specific targets, performance indicators, and milestones for urban transformation.
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Document type: Research paper
Overview of the global petrochemical industry
The petrochemical industry is a growing driver of global oil demand and greenhouse gas emissions, with nitrogen fertilisers and plastics as primary contributors. Rapid capacity expansion, particularly in China, is projected to increase emissions beyond 1.5°C warming limits. While technical solutions and recycling are proposed, the low cost of virgin plastics and the limitations of 'downcycling' hinder progress, suggesting that policy should prioritise reuse and the reduction of single-use materials over simple substitution or recycling.
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Document type: Briefing