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This legal opinion by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) argues that the export of pesticides prohibited or not approved in Europe to countries in Africa and Central America is illegal under international law, regional agreements, and human rights obligations.

This legal briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) argues that the export of pesticides banned or not approved in their countries of origin—specifically from Europe to Africa and Central America—violates international law, including the Basel Convention, the Bamako Convention, and the Central American Agreement, as well as international human rights obligations.

This guide, published by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) in November 1997, provides instructions for citizens on how to utilize the World Bank's Inspection Panel. It explains the Panel's role as an independent mechanism to hold the World Bank accountable for violations of its own operational policies and procedures, particularly regarding social and environmental impacts.

This executive summary analyzes finance commitments for electricity and clean cooking access in 20 high-impact countries between 2013-14 and 2015-16. While electricity finance increased, it remains insufficient to meet 2030 universal access goals, with a significant geographical imbalance favoring Asia over Sub-Saharan Africa. Finance for clean cooking has decreased and remains critically low.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative and the Global Center on Adaptation analyzes the widening gap between adaptation finance needs and actual flows, with a specific focus on Africa. It highlights that current funding is insufficient, heavily reliant on debt, and concentrated in a few countries, while calling for standardized tracking and more ambitious public and private commitments to avoid massive economic losses.

This guide by the Climate Policy Initiative defines grants as direct fund transfers used to support projects with low commercial potential or to make them investment-ready. It details the types of grants, the risks they mitigate, the providers involved, and the capacity requirements for recipients across different market maturity levels.

A 2011 statement by Friends of the Earth International and partners rejecting the 'Principles for Responsible Agricultural Investment' (RAI). The authors argue that large-scale land acquisitions are driven by financial speculation, violate human rights, and threaten food security, calling instead for the prohibition of land grabbing and the promotion of food sovereignty and peasant-led agriculture.

This report by EAVCA and Intellecap, supported by FSD Africa and FMO, analyzes the FinTech ecosystem in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia). It identifies key enablers such as high mobile penetration and gaps in traditional financial services, evaluates various FinTech business models—including lending, payments, insurance, and investment management—and examines regional investment trends, funding challenges, and the role of strategic partnerships between banks and mobile network operators.

This synthesis report analyzes insurance innovation in eight Sub-Saharan African countries, identifying low penetration and structural barriers—such as high mobile data costs, a STEM skills gap, and low consumer trust—as primary constraints. It argues that while regulatory frameworks are not the main barrier, supervisory systems need upgrading and regulators should adopt more proactive market engagement to support insurtechs and reach underserved segments like MSMEs and rural populations.

This case study describes how Saglan Wajee General Hospital, a private facility in Holeta Town, Ethiopia, is transitioning into the country's first full-fledged health insurance company after participating in FSD Africa’s BimaLab Insurtech Accelerator Program. The hospital developed the 'Efoy' micro-health insurance product to improve healthcare access for low and middle-income families and is now establishing the Family Medical Network insurance company.

This fact sheet from FSD Africa provides data on the cost of sending money from the UK to various African nations, alongside the size of the diaspora population in the UK and the annual amount of money sent to each country.

FSD Africa and UK-based Parhelion have launched a programme to de-risk early-stage geothermal energy development in Kenya and Ethiopia. The initiative focuses on creating a Geothermal Risk Transfer facility to mitigate drilling risks and a training programme to build the capacity of local African insurers to underwrite geothermal risks, thereby attracting investment and reducing reliance on international insurance markets.

This fact sheet describes the Climate Finance Training Programme created by Financial Sector Deepening (FSD) Africa to address the green funding gap in Africa by building the capacity of policymakers, regulators, and financial experts to access climate funds and design financial products.

This fact sheet describes the partnership between FSD Africa and the Digital Frontiers Institute (DFI) from 2016 to 2021, aimed at closing the digital finance skills gap in low-middle income countries to improve the scale and sustainability of digital payment systems.

The Value for Money (VfM) Framework is a guide developed by FSD Africa to provide a consistent, practical structure for assessing and reporting on how resources are used within the Financial Sector Deepening (FSD) network. It employs an evaluative reasoning approach based on the 'Four Es' (Economy, Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Equity) and cost-effectiveness, using predefined criteria and performance standards (rubrics) to make robust judgements from mixed-methods evidence.

The Economics for Nature (E4N) report details a six-year global partnership (2016-2022) led by the Green Economy Coalition, the Green Growth Knowledge Partnership, the Capitals Coalition, and WWF France. The programme aimed to shift economic systems toward 'nature positive' models by making the value of natural capital visible in business, finance, and government decision-making. The report outlines key tools developed, lessons learned regarding the challenges of mainstreaming natural capital, and four 'frontiers' for future systemic economic reform to protect biodiversity and human wellbeing.

This briefing by the Green Economy Coalition outlines ten priority options for governments and stakeholders to ensure that economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic is just, green, and transformative. It argues that recovery efforts should address systemic risks—including climate change, biodiversity loss, and inequality—by aligning stimulus packages with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement.

This report by the Green Economy Coalition reviews the first ten years of the SEED Awards (2005-2015), an initiative founded by UNEP, UNDP, and IUCN to support social and environmental enterprises. It analyzes the survival and impact of 202 SEED Winners across 37 countries, highlighting the role of multi-stakeholder partnerships and tailored support in fostering green and inclusive growth at the grassroots level.

The BRICS nations experienced a record-breaking expansion of power capacity in 2025, characterized by a simultaneous surge in both fossil fuel and renewable energy installations. While solar and wind additions reached historic highs, primarily driven by China and India, fossil fuel capacity also saw its largest net annual increase on record. This 'split transition' is marked by a trend where coal capacity continues to grow even as coal-fired generation declines in leading nations due to the rapid scaling of renewables.

The Resilient Agriculture Innovations for Nature (RAIN) challenge is a joint initiative by the Global Resilience Partnership (GRP) and Shockwave Foundation to identify and scale nature-positive agricultural innovations in East Africa. The program provides selected entrepreneurs and organizations with mentoring, leadership training, communications support, and funding of up to 50,000 USD to make their projects 'funding-ready' for private investors.