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This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) provides 33 recommendations to reorient the Brazilian Harvest Plan (Plano Safra) 2026/2027 toward higher social, environmental, and productive returns. The authors argue that public resources should be prioritized for sustainable, low-carbon agriculture and the most vulnerable producers, while strengthening socio-environmental safeguards to prevent the financing of illegal deforestation and land grabbing.

This technical note by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) and Agroicone presents proposals to integrate sustainability into Brazil's Plano Safra 2023/24. The document advocates for aligning rural credit and insurance with climate goals, specifically by increasing funding for low-carbon agriculture programs, improving risk management through climate zoning, and redirecting constitutional funds toward small-scale producers and sustainable practices.

This policy brief examines the challenges of rural insurance in Brazil amidst climate change, using soybean production as a case study. It finds that while the insurance market has grown, it remains geographically concentrated in the South and Center-West, leaving high-production, high-risk areas like MATOPIBA underserved. Using machine learning, the authors identify precipitation, wind, and fire risk as primary drivers of losses. The report recommends expanding insurance coverage to vulnerable regions, utilizing yield data for pricing in areas with limited insurance history, and aligning government subsidies with sustainable agricultural practices.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes two Brazilian rural insurance programs: the Programa de Garantia da Atividade Agropecuária (Proagro) and the Programa de Subvenção ao Prêmio do Seguro Rural (PSR). It examines how the design of these policies creates different incentives for producers, experts, and financial agents, arguing that Proagro's structure leads to higher information asymmetry and lower public spending efficiency compared to the PSR.

A report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzing Bill (PL) No. 2374/2020, which proposes extending the amnesty period for illegal deforestation of Legal Reserve areas in Brazil from July 2008 to May 2012.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the Constitutional Financing Funds (FCFs) in Brazil's North, Northeast, and Center-West regions. It finds a significant disconnect between the funds' social objectives—reducing income disparities and supporting small producers—and the actual allocation of resources, which has become concentrated among larger producers and specific municipalities due to overly broad eligibility criteria.

This report analyzes the role of the Brazilian National Development Economic and Social Bank (BNDES) in providing investment credit for the Brazilian agricultural sector, focusing on the financing of machinery and equipment.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the adoption dynamics of three agricultural technologies in Brazil between 2006 and 2017: no-till farming (Plantio Direto), tractors, and fertilizers. Using data from the 2017 Agricultural Census, the study identifies three distinct spatial patterns of adoption, suggesting that the drivers and environmental consequences of agricultural intensification vary by technology.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the adoption of three agricultural intensification technologies in Brazil between 2006 and 2017: the Direct Planting System (DPS), tractors, and fertilizers. Using data from Brazil's 2017 Agricultural Census, the study identifies divergent spatial patterns of adoption, noting that while DPS is becoming more widespread, tractor use is becoming more concentrated in wealthier regions, and fertilizer use is increasing without a clear spatial pattern.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and the Núcleo de Avaliação de Políticas Climáticas da PUC-Rio (NAPC) analyzes the complexity and fragmentation of the Brazilian rural credit system. It argues that the current policy design, based on a structure from the 1960s, creates significant obstacles to credit access and financing conditions due to a multiplicity of rules tied to geographic location, property size, and agricultural revenue.