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Indonesia faces significant fiscal strain and energy security risks due to its heavy reliance on imported, subsidized LPG, which is used by 84% of households. The report evaluates three alternatives: induction stoves, dimethyl ether (DME), and city gas. It concludes that induction is the only viable non-fossil option, offering health benefits and long-term fiscal savings if paired with electricity tariff reform and a decarbonized grid. DME and city gas are deemed economically unviable or incompatible with climate goals. The report provides a policy roadmap focusing on making electricity upgrades affordable, implementing means-tested induction subsidies, and reforming LPG subsidies to target only the poorest households.

The report finds that Jakarta's urban climate finance from 2015-2019 totaled USD 44.9 billion, heavily dominated by public funding and a single mega-project, the Giant Sea Wall. Despite having the highest fiscal capacity in Indonesia, Jakarta underutilizes private finance, which accounted for only 2% of total climate investment. The study recommends better alignment between the city, the central government, and satellite cities, alongside the adoption of innovative financing tools like green municipal bonds to reduce reliance on central government funding, especially given plans to move the national capital.

The report finds that Jakarta's climate finance from 2015-2019 was dominated by public funding, totaling USD 44.9 billion across 37 projects, with 83% of this amount committed to the controversial Giant Sea Wall project. Despite having the highest fiscal capacity in Indonesia, Jakarta's environmental spending remained low at 8.6% of its budget in 2017-2018, and private sector investment accounted for only 2% of total climate funding. The document recommends better alignment between Jakarta, the central government, and satellite cities, the implementation of climate budget tagging, and the use of innovative financial instruments like municipal green bonds to mobilize private capital, especially in anticipation of the capital city's relocation.

The document outlines strategies for leveraging local knowledge to enhance climate resilience, emphasizing the need for tailored training for government staff and community engagement to fill information gaps. It advocates for a hybrid approach where local expertise is complemented by scientific data to create a robust foundation for planning. Case studies from various developing countries illustrate how this process can lead to improved flood risk mapping, the adoption of renewable energy, and the creation of greenhouse gas inventories.

The Urban-LEDS project helped Bogor City develop a low-carbon plan by applying the GreenClimateCities2 framework and creating a greenhouse gas emissions inventory. This process enabled the city to identify specific projects like pedestrianisation and streetlight retrofitting and to secure financial support by embedding low-emission development strategies into its regional medium-term plan. The experience underscores the necessity of coordination between technical departments and executives, the value of South–South–North networking, and the importance of aligning projects with long-term development goals to ensure sustainability.

The document details how Bogor utilized the Urban LEDS program to create a greenhouse gas inventory and integrate low-emission priorities into its 2015-2019 Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD). Key efforts focused on the transport sector, which was identified as the largest emitter, through initiatives like electric and gas-powered buses and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure. The process emphasized political commitment from Mayor Bima Arya, inter-agency collaboration, and international knowledge exchange.

The document outlines five primary strategies for integrating climate compatible development into local political agendas: establishing cross-party consensus, linking climate action to development goals, aligning climate measures with sectoral objectives, utilizing local and national 'champions', and designing initiatives to benefit marginalized groups. It emphasizes that finding innovative, non-climate-specific entry points—such as energy security or economic alternatives—can lead to more enduring policy success. Examples include Uruguay's cross-party agreement on renewable energy, the use of 'water walks' in Madurai, India, and the integration of low-emission strategies into Bogor's municipal development plan.

The document outlines five key strategies for local governments to build effective climate partnerships: choosing partners strategically beyond the environmental sector, involving marginalised and opposing groups, leveraging local actors while understanding their spheres of influence, ensuring mutual benefit through co-design, and employing a trusted facilitator or knowledge broker. It illustrates these points with examples such as solar energy initiatives in Pakistan and Indonesia, climate-smart agriculture in Nepal, and coastal management in Belize.

A case study on Bogor City's integration of low-carbon strategies into local development plans through the Urban Low Emission Development Strategies (Urban-LEDS) project since 2013.

The document details Bogor City's transition toward a low-carbon development trajectory from 2013 to 2016. By utilizing the GreenClimateCities framework, the city established a greenhouse gas emissions inventory and integrated low-emission development strategies (LEDS) into its Regional Medium Term Development Plan for 2015–19. Key initiatives include the revitalization of the Transpakuan bus rapid transit system using compressed natural gas, a 'Walkability Campaign' to expand pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, and streetlight retrofitting. The case emphasizes the necessity of political leadership, technical coordination, and international peer-to-peer learning to move from planning to implementation.

Trinitan Green Energy Metals (TGEM) utilizes patented Step Temperature Acid Leach (STAL) technology to refine high-purity Class I nickel from laterite ores in Indonesia. Unlike High-Pressure Acid Leach (HPAL), STAL operates at atmospheric pressure and is designed for small to medium-scale mines, offering a lower carbon and water footprint. TGEM is developing two closed-loop ecosystems—STAL One Ecopark in Bogor and IGNITE in Southwest Papua—to integrate waste management and resource sharing, aiming for net-zero emissions and compliance with international sustainability regulations, such as those in the European Union.