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The Green Climate Fund (GCF) provides grants of up to USD 3 million to support developing countries in creating National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and other adaptation planning processes. As of October 2022, GCF had approved 87 such proposals valued at USD 193 million. The fund aims for a 50:50 balance between adaptation and mitigation in its portfolio, prioritizing vulnerable regions including Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and African States.

Japan utilizes the 2018 Climate Change Adaptation Act and a revised 2021 plan to coordinate adaptation across ministries using 66 Key Performance Indicators. Domestically, the country employs local adaptation centers in 38 of 47 prefectures and the A-PLAT information platform to support municipal planning. Internationally, Japan provides technical expertise in disaster risk reduction, manages the Asia-Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Information Platform (AP-PLAT), and has committed to doubling adaptation finance to approximately $14.8 billion between 2021 and 2025.

The Project Preparation Facility (PPF) has disbursed and committed USD 32.8 million (82% of its USD 40 million allocation) to support the development of climate funding proposals. To date, PPF support has enabled 11 approved funding proposals totaling nearly USD 3.0 billion in investment. The Secretariat has reduced processing times by 84% through streamlined approvals and introduced simplified funding and service modalities to better support direct access entities (DAEs). To cover a pipeline of 28 active requests and anticipated new needs, the document requests an additional USD 18.0 million for the remainder of GCF-1.

The document analyzes the growth of commercial aviation and its contribution to climate change. It details the composition of aircraft emissions, the significant warming effect of contrail-induced cirrus clouds, and the projected recovery of air traffic following the COVID-19 pandemic. While aircraft efficiency has improved, the overall volume of passengers and freight is expected to increase, potentially tripling emissions by 2050. The brief also discusses regulatory efforts, such as ICAO's CO2 standards, and the disproportionate per capita fuel consumption in the United States.

The document analyzes the climate impact of commercial aviation, noting that while aircraft efficiency has improved, the rapid growth of the industry—particularly in developing nations—continues to drive up total emissions. It details the contributions of CO2 and non-CO2 effects like contrails, the regulatory landscape including ICAO standards, and the projected recovery of air traffic following the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Green Climate Fund's overall pipeline as of April 2022 consists of 438 projects with a total value of $74,879M. The pipeline is divided between the Public Sector (DMA) and Private Sector (PSF), with the highest total values concentrated in the Asia-Pacific and Africa regions. Projects are categorised by themes including adaptation, mitigation, and cross-cutting, with cross-cutting projects representing the largest total value at $44,589M. The report further details funding proposals and concept notes, including their financial instruments and impact potential.

In Q1 2022, the cumulative GSS+ labelled debt market reached USD3tn, though quarterly issuance fell nearly 30% year-on-year to USD202.2bn due to market volatility and rising interest rates. While green and social bond volumes declined, sustainability and sustainability-linked bonds saw growth. The period was marked by the first sovereign sustainability-linked bond from Chile and the first public sector sustainability-linked bond from the City of Helsingborg. The report also highlights the role of the IPCC WG3 report and the war in Ukraine in underscoring the urgency of the energy transition, while noting the emergence of transition bonds in Japan.

The GCF's private sector strategy aims to mobilize institutional finance and private capital for climate adaptation and mitigation in developing countries through a four-pronged approach: promoting conducive investment environments, accelerating innovation, de-risking market-creating investments, and strengthening domestic financial institutions. The report reviews the PSF's performance, noting a co-financing ratio of 3.25:1 and a heavy initial reliance on concessional loans. To meet its updated Strategic Plan targets, the GCF proposes expanding its use of equity and guarantees, improving the accreditation process via a project-specific assessment approach, and implementing a private sector outreach plan.

The report assesses the GCF's network of 113 accredited entities (AEs), evaluating their capacity to deliver on the Fund's strategic priorities. While the network is diverse and expanding—particularly in private sector and direct access entities—significant gaps remain in the ability of direct access entities (DAEs) to manage high environmental and social (E&S) risk projects and large-scale adaptation programming. The analysis highlights a low AE-to-project ratio, which may disincentivize institutional capacity building, and notes that GCF's internal processing capacity is currently insufficient to meet the growing volume of new and re-accreditation applications.

The report details the Green Climate Fund's pipeline, which consists of 433 total projects with a combined value of $75,379M (including co-financing). The pipeline is divided into funding proposals and concept notes, with significant allocations across Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on adaptation, mitigation, and cross-cutting themes.

The KE4CAP project created a global forum for practitioners of climate adaptation platforms (CAPs) to engage in mutual learning and improve the effectiveness of their platforms. Over approximately two years, the initiative built a community of more than 200 specialists representing 30 platforms across Europe, Asia-Pacific, and North America.

The document finds that while Asia-Pacific policies increasingly recognize synergies between disaster risk reduction (DRR) and health, integration primarily focuses on cross-sectoral coordination and protecting medical infrastructure during disasters. It argues that policies fail to sufficiently prioritize public health as a proactive risk reduction strategy and largely neglect the specific roles of human rights and gender equality at the intersection of these two sectors.

The document examines the role of women environmental defenders during the Covid-19 pandemic, treating the pandemic as a disaster. It argues that while the crisis magnified pre-existing vulnerabilities for marginalized groups and increased the domestic burden on women, women environmental defenders' networks were critical in providing relief and information to isolated communities. The brief highlights how these organizations adapted through digital tools and increased collaboration, ultimately strengthening their capacity for transformative DRR by addressing the root causes of vulnerability and advocating for socio-environmental justice.

The paper reviews the evolution of disaster risk science, shifting from an emergency management focus to a proactive disaster risk reduction (DRR) approach. It analyzes the interplay between hazards, exposure, and vulnerability, while highlighting the emergence of systemic and Anthropocene risks. The authors identify significant geographical imbalances in research production, with a heavy reliance on Western scholarship and a lack of data from Africa and low-to-middle income countries. It calls for greater integration of DRR with climate change adaptation (CCA) and a stronger focus on disaster justice and indigenous knowledge.

The report assesses the progress of SDG localization across 28 global case studies, highlighting a significant gap between high-level commitment and practical local implementation. Key findings indicate that while some 'SDG champions' like New York City lead in data analysis and engagement, many regions struggle with weak institutional governance, a lack of systematic analysis of SDG interlinkages (synergies and trade-offs), and limited financial resources. The COVID-19 pandemic is noted as a major setback that reallocated budgets toward healthcare, though it also created opportunities for green recovery. The study emphasizes the need for better evidence-based local data, increased participation of local actors in international forums, and the use of Voluntary Local Reviews (VLRs) to enhance accountability.

The report reviews the GCF's country ownership framework, finding that while National Designated Authorities (NDAs) are recognized as leaders, they often lack the capacity for inclusive stakeholder coordination and monitoring and evaluation (M&E). It highlights the importance of Country Programmes (CPs) and the role of Direct Access Entities (DAEs), while noting challenges in private sector engagement and long proposal approval timelines. Drawing on best practices from organizations like the Global Fund (GFATM) and the Global Partnership for Education (GPE), the report recommends establishing formal country coordination platforms, accelerating DAE accreditation, and improving accountability through mandatory sharing of Annual Progress Reports (APRs) with NDAs.

As of 31 July 2021, the GCF pipeline includes 89 funding proposals requesting USD 6.4 billion and 350 concept notes requesting USD 15.9 billion. The report details the distribution of these requests by sector, region, and theme, while also tracking the progress of the Simplified Approval Process (SAP) pilot, specific requests for proposals (RFPs) such as REDD-plus and MSME, and the status of 65 active Project Preparation Facility applications.

The report finds that while post-issuance UoP reporting is widespread, impact reporting is less common and highly unstandardised. It highlights a positive correlation between reporting availability and the presence of external reviews, particularly post-issuance reviews. The analysis reveals that larger issuers and more mature markets generally report more frequently, though average quality scores remain relatively constant across deal sizes. The document argues for a shift toward a common global reporting framework and the use of absolute rather than relative metrics to provide a holistic view of environmental performance.

The report details the Green Climate Fund (GCF) pipeline, which consists of 467 total projects with a combined total value of $82,847M (including co-financing). The pipeline is divided into funding proposals and concept notes, with significant concentrations in mitigation and adaptation across Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean.

The Green Climate Fund's January 2021 pipeline consists of 459 projects with a total value of $81,138M, including GCF funding and co-financing. The pipeline is divided between the Public Sector (DMA) and Private Sector (PSF), with significant concentrations in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region. Projects are categorized by themes of adaptation, mitigation, and cross-cutting activities, with the majority of funding flowing through the Proposal Approval Process rather than the Simplified Approval Process. The report further segments these figures into 'Funding Proposals' and 'Concept Notes', providing granular data on financial instruments, impact potential, and specific allocations for Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and Africa.