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The Carbon-Free Regions Handbook: Land Use is a guide by RMI that provides four specific actions for subnational governments to address climate goals through land management, open space conservation, methane capture, and regenerative agriculture.

This report assesses progress toward Goal 8 of the New York Declaration on Forests, which focuses on providing support for strategies to reduce forest emissions. The assessment highlights a significant imbalance between 'green' finance aligned with forest goals and 'grey' finance that potentially drives deforestation, noting that international public and private investments in sustainable forestry remain insufficient compared to the scale of the challenge.

This report summarizes progress toward Goal 9 of the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF), which focuses on rewarding countries and jurisdictions that reduce forest emissions through public policies, results-based payments, and private-sector commodity sourcing.

This executive summary assesses progress toward Goals 8 and 9 of the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF), focusing on forest finance. It concludes that 'green finance' aligned with forest and climate goals is insufficient and vastly outweighed by 'grey finance'—investments and subsidies that drive deforestation. While some progress is noted in results-based REDD+ payments and impact investing, the report argues that a dramatic shift in investment is required to achieve zero deforestation.

This report by Friends of the Earth International critiques the 2010 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between California, Acre, and Chiapas to create a REDD+ carbon credit system. The document argues that such mechanisms prioritize market logic over structural climate causes, leading to land dispossession, human rights violations, and the marginalization of indigenous and traditional communities in Brazil and Mexico.

This report by Friends of the Earth International analyzes the 2010 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between California, Acre (Brazil), and Chiapas (Mexico) to create a REDD+ carbon credit system. The author argues that these market-based mechanisms, including jurisdictional REDD+ programs and cap-and-trade offsets, facilitate the commodification of nature and lead to human rights violations, land dispossession, and the marginalization of indigenous and traditional communities.

This policy brief analyzes the coherence of national development, conservation, and climate policies in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru using a water-energy-food (WEF) nexus approach. It identifies significant trade-offs between ambitious renewable energy and agricultural targets and the preservation of the Amazon biome's ecosystem services, which are critical for regional water, food, and energy security.

This technical annex assesses progress on Goal 9 of the New York Declaration on Forests, which focuses on rewarding countries and jurisdictions for reducing forest emissions through public and private payments for verified emission reductions (VERs). The report tracks two indicators: international public payments through multilateral and bilateral funds, and the value of forest VER purchases in voluntary and compliance carbon markets.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute evaluates the effectiveness of deforestation policies in the Brazilian Amazon, noting a significant reduction in deforestation from 2004 to 2012 followed by stagnation and a rise in 2013. The authors argue that while command-and-control measures successfully targeted large landowners, new incentive-based strategies are required to address deforestation by smallholders and in remote areas.

This 2010 policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines Brazil's climate change strategy, noting a transition from treating the issue as an international relations matter to a central domestic political priority. While Brazil possesses a low-carbon energy matrix and has reduced deforestation, rapid economic growth and the discovery of pre-salt oil reserves threaten to increase energy-related emissions.

This document is an appendix listing the federal and state legislation consulted for a report on forest restoration in the Amazon. It provides a comprehensive bibliography of laws, decrees, and resolutions from the Brazilian federal government and the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, and Roraima, focusing on environmental protection, climate change, and land regularization.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) and Amazônia 2030 analyzes the potential for carbon capture through forest restoration in the Brazilian Amazon. It proposes the Reversing Deforestation Mechanism (RDM), a jurisdictional payment system for net carbon removals, as a way to generate significant economic revenue and help Brazil meet its climate goals (NDC). The report argues that combining the RDM with other financial mechanisms like JREDD+ and the Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF) can create a comprehensive financial architecture to protect standing forests and restore degraded lands.

This report by Climate Policy Initiative and Amazônia 2030 analyzes the role of state public policies in promoting forest restoration in the Brazilian Amazon. It examines the regulatory frameworks of seven states, identifying that while state policies significantly drive mandatory restoration through the Forest Code, there are substantial gaps in incentives for voluntary restoration, integration with carbon markets, and the promotion of native species silviculture.

This report by Climate Policy Initiative/PUC-RIO and Amazon 2030 analyzes the potential for carbon sequestration through forest restoration in the Brazilian Amazon. It proposes the Reversing Deforestation Mechanism (RDM), a jurisdictional results-based payment system, as a way to mobilize significant investment and align land use with climate goals. The report compares the RDM with other financial mechanisms like JREDD+ and the Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF), arguing that a complementary approach to conservation, avoided deforestation, and restoration is essential for Brazil to meet its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).

This report analyzes the role of protected areas (APs) in reducing fire occurrence in the MAP region (the tri-border area of Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia) between 2000 and 2020. It finds that while protected areas are significantly more effective at limiting fire and deforestation than non-protected areas, they remain vulnerable to extreme climate events and increasing human pressure from surrounding agro-pastoral activities.

The MAP-FIRE project analyzed forest fire risks in the Amazon's MAP region (Madre de Dios, Acre, and Pando), finding that drought-induced fires can cause over 50% of primary forest deforestation during drought years. In Acre, fires between 2008-2012 resulted in economic losses of approximately US$ 307.46 million (9.07% of its GDP). The project developed real-time monitoring platforms for fire and air quality, which have since influenced sensor network installations across all Brazilian Amazon states and a new project in the Pantanal.

The MAP-FIRE project, funded by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, focuses on quantifying fire risk and developing adaptation strategies for the Amazonian states of Madre de Dios (Peru), Acre (Brazil), and Pando (Bolivia). The project has developed near-real-time monitoring platforms for fire and air quality, produced technical reports on the links between fire, deforestation, and the COVID-19 pandemic, and implemented science communication initiatives for academics and students.

This policy brief analyzes the Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP) policies of the Sao Paulo State Government in Brazil, detailing the institutional, legal, and procedural frameworks used to integrate socio-environmental criteria into the purchase of goods, services, and construction works.

This case study examines the response of the state of Acre, Brazil, to severe droughts and wildfires in 2005 and 2010. It details the implementation of a centralized 'situation room' to coordinate fire-fighting efforts using satellite data and technical expertise, while analyzing the environmental impacts, policy interventions, and systemic barriers to fire control in the western Amazon.