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The report highlights that California's water system is engineered for historical conditions that no longer apply due to climate change. It identifies critical shifts in the state's hydroclimate—including declining snowpack, more extreme precipitation events, and increased volatility between wet and dry years—that threaten the viability of surface reservoirs and groundwater aquifers. The authors argue that while the data to plan for these changes is available, state and local agencies are underprepared, often relying on outdated operational rules or proprietary models. The report recommends updating the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), developing new hydrologic operations models, and increasing collaboration between climate scientists and water managers to prevent wasted investments and exacerbate inequities between well-resourced and vulnerable communities.

The paper argues that while existing climate services primarily support short-term farming decisions, they must be expanded to include decadal and long-term projections to guide transformative adaptation—significant systemic changes to agricultural production. A review of 253 national documents found that only 2.7% describe transformative applications of CS. The authors recommend integrating long-term climate data with crop models and socioeconomic factors to identify viability thresholds and map adaptation pathways, while emphasizing the need to modernize National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) and ensure equitable access for marginalized farmers.

The document argues that the CAP's governance structure is too weak to guarantee the achievement of the European Green Deal (EGD) targets. It highlights that the European Commission lacks the legal power to reject national Strategic Plans (SPs) based on non-binding EGD strategies, cannot force modifications to plans even when they conflict with EU environmental legislation, and possesses monitoring tools—such as interim evaluations—that lack binding legal consequences for Member States.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute and UNEP analyzes the synergies between SDG targets in Colombia and the department of Antioquia. Using a cross-impact matrix and network analysis, the study identifies 'catalytic' goals—those that most positively influence others—to inform the implementation of the National Development Plan (PND) 2018-2022. Key findings highlight that while national priorities focus on sustainable production and urban impact, regional priorities in Antioquia center on sustainable agriculture, demonstrating that SDG interactions are highly dependent on local contexts.

The document details a 2019 case study in Colombia's Campoalegre River Basin where the Tandem framework was used to bridge the gap between climate information providers and water planning users. Through a series of workshops and interviews, stakeholders co-defined adaptation challenges and designed the graphical interfaces of needed climate services. The process highlighted the importance of addressing power dynamics, building trust prior to implementation, and using tools like social mapping and individual questionnaires to ensure inclusive participation. The study also emphasizes the role of the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool in supporting robust decision-making within the Colombian POMCA planning framework.

The NAP Implementation Roadmap for Ethiopia details a strategic framework to reduce climate vulnerability from 2020 to 2030. It focuses on five implementation components: agriculture and water, natural resource management, health, livelihoods and social protection, climate services and adaptation technologies, and infrastructure. The roadmap identifies 18 adaptation options and five strategic priorities, emphasizing the mainstreaming of climate adaptation into national development plans like the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP). Key goals include achieving food security by 2030 and expanding access to safe water. The document highlights significant capacity gaps at sub-national levels and the need for a resource mobilization strategy to meet an estimated implementation cost of USD 90 billion.

The strategy aims to integrate the private sector into Saint Lucia's National Adaptation Plan (NAP) by educating businesses on climate risks, facilitating access to finance, and promoting public-private partnerships (PPPs). It maps the domestic economy, which is dominated by micro-businesses and the services sector, and proposes a four-step engagement cycle: initiate, inform, incorporate, and involve. Key priorities include climate-proofing the tourism, agriculture, and infrastructure sectors, and exploring innovative financing such as green and blue bonds.

In 2019, the global green bond market reached a record USD258.9 billion in issuance, a 51% increase over 2018. The market saw significant growth in non-financial corporate issuance and the entry of eight new countries. Europe led in cumulative volume, while the USA, China, and France remained the top individual countries by amount issued. Energy, buildings, and transport dominated the use of proceeds, accounting for 82% of the total. The report also notes a rise in green sukuk and the increasing importance of external reviews and Climate Bonds Standard certification.

The report analyses Tunisia's socio-economic challenges, including stagnant growth, high youth unemployment, and a large informal sector, while projecting development pathways to 2040. It highlights the country's strong human capital but warns that poor governance and an opaque economic system hinder progress. The analysis compares a 'Current Path' with three scenarios: 'Going for Growth', 'Leapfrogging', and 'Sustainability & Equality', concluding that substantive governance reform is essential for any successful transition.

The document outlines a project preparation phase to design a larger intervention in northern Mauritania. It identifies severe desertification and water scarcity in the hubs of Aoujeft, Rachid, Tamchekett, and Nema. The proposed full project intends to implement ecosystem-based adaptation, land rehabilitation, and water management strategies to protect these regions and prevent the southward expansion of the Sahara.

The document analyzes Manitoba's 2018 climate accountability legislation, highlighting its use of a 'carbon savings account' with five-year cumulative emission reduction targets and an independent expert advisory council. While praising the framework's governance and the advantage of cumulative budgets over annual targets, the study notes that the absence of long-term targets and a multi-budget strategy reduces predictability and accountability for investors and policymakers.

The document examines Manitoba's 2018 climate accountability legislation, highlighting the Carbon Savings Account (CSA) and the role of the Expert Advisory Council. While praising the cumulative emissions budget approach, it notes that the lack of long-term targets and the practice of setting budgets one-at-a-time reduce predictability and accountability.

The Green Climate Fund (GCF) advocates for integrating NDC priorities into national stimulus packages to ensure a low-emission recovery. It highlights the GCF's role in providing financial instruments and readiness support to help developing countries, particularly LDCs and SIDS, implement climate-resilient infrastructure and energy efficiency without increasing debt burdens.

This guide provides a comprehensive framework for governments to implement and improve legal requirements for Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIA) in the large-scale mining sector. It details 20 key components of an integral legal framework, covering the entire mine life cycle from exploration to post-closure. The document emphasizes the importance of public participation, financial guarantees for mine closure, and the avoidance of legal stabilization clauses for environmental and social provisions to ensure sustainable development and reduce the risk of international investment disputes.

The document outlines a comprehensive approach to mining governance, emphasizing the necessity of a robust legal framework for Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIA) and Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP). It details the responsibilities of governments across five mining phases: prospecting, exploration, planning, construction/operation, and closure/post-mining transition. Key recommendations include ensuring legal consistency, mandating public participation and transparency, requiring financial guarantees for site restoration, and implementing strategic environmental assessments. The guide also provides practical tools for gap analysis and legal reform, while highlighting critical issues such as gender equality, indigenous rights, and the prevention of international investment disputes through clear, non-arbitrary regulatory processes.

The report examines the global cotton market, highlighting a shift toward voluntary sustainability standards (VSSs) which grew from 1% of production in 2009 to 14.1% in 2016. It identifies significant sustainability challenges, including high water and pesticide use, price volatility, and labor abuses. The document argues that VSSs like BCI, CmiA, Organic, and Fairtrade are essential for mitigating these risks and improving livelihoods for the 100 million farmers globally. It specifically identifies Mali and Burkina Faso as having high potential for VSS growth among Low Human Development Countries.

The case study describes a climate-smart agricultural model launched in 2014 by Swayam Shikshan Prayog (SSP) to support women farmers in the drought-prone Marathwada region of Maharashtra. By promoting sustainable farming, diversifying livelihoods, and improving water management, the model has reduced farming costs and improved soil fertility and food security. The initiative has scaled to reach over 60,000 women farmers across 810 villages in six districts.

The ‡Khomani Bushmen, residing in South Africa's Northern Cape, have transitioned from a sustainable hunter-gatherer existence to a mode of subsistence that contributes to climate change. This shift is driven by land restitution processes that returned fenced farms rather than open wilderness, and a lack of basic government services like refuse collection and sanitation. Consequently, the community relies on borehole water without a management policy, burns wood and plastic for heat and waste disposal, and uses non-biodegradable packaging. While initiatives like 'veldskool' and youth camps attempt to preserve indigenous knowledge and environmental mindfulness, they are hindered by a shortage of mentors and a lack of immediate behavioral change.

The project aims to support 603,000 people in six districts of the Koshi River Basin to transition from climate-vulnerable subsistence farming to sustainable, market-driven systems. It focuses on scaling up climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) practices, enhancing agrometeorological and market advisory services, and establishing local value chain networks. With a total indicative cost of USD 43.1 million, the project targets vulnerable groups, particularly women, to improve food security and livelihoods in the face of increasing temperature trends and precipitation variability.

SEI is supporting the California Water Action Plan by developing water allocation models, such as the South Fork Eel River Water Allocation Model (SEWAM), and the eWRIMS Analyzer tool. These tools allow policymakers to quantify trade-offs between ecosystem needs, such as in-stream flow requirements for species restoration, and the water availability for agriculture and rural communities. The work involves explicitly representing every water right to assess legal and illegal water use, including cannabis diversions, and using visualization software to analyze these impacts under various climate conditions.