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The paper examines how climate change vulnerability is distributed across social groups in the UK, highlighting that those who emit the least are often the most vulnerable and most likely to be negatively impacted by both mitigation and adaptation policies. It critiques 'top-down' impacts-based assessments for ignoring social complexity and proposes a shift toward 'bottom-up' vulnerability assessments and governance based on fairness to protect marginalized populations.

The report identifies energy insecurity, water scarcity, and climate change as significant financial risks for commercial buildings in South and Southeast Asia. It details how these trends increase utility costs, accelerate building depreciation, and cause construction delays. To mitigate these risks, the report proposes a risk assessment framework based on building location (exposure) and design (vulnerability). It further argues that green building investments can reduce these risks and provide net positive financial returns, often within three to five years, particularly in the Indian market.

The document highlights the significant water requirements of Alabama's energy sector and the energy costs associated with water management, proposing policy priorities to improve efficiency in both sectors.

The fact sheet highlights the water-energy nexus in Florida, noting that thermoelectric power plants account for nearly 10% of freshwater withdrawals and that water heating and treatment represent significant portions of residential and municipal energy costs. It recommends policy priorities including the prioritization of low-water energy technologies, the adoption of ENERGY STAR and WaterSense products, and the implementation of water recycling and solar water heating systems.

The document highlights the significant water requirements of Georgia's thermoelectric power plants and the energy costs associated with water heating and treatment. It proposes policy priorities including the prioritization of low-water energy technologies, the procurement of energy- and water-efficient products, and the implementation of water recycling and solar water heating incentives.

The document highlights the water-energy nexus in Mississippi, noting that thermoelectric power plants account for 10% of the state's freshwater withdrawals. It proposes policy priorities including the prioritization of low-water energy technologies, the adoption of energy and water-efficient products, and the implementation of water recycling and solar water heating. It also quantifies the energy costs associated with water heating and treatment, suggesting that widespread adoption of high-efficiency fixtures could save millions in bills.

The document highlights the significant water requirements of thermoelectric power plants in North Carolina and the energy costs associated with water heating and treatment, proposing policy priorities to improve efficiency in both sectors.

The document highlights the significant water requirements of thermoelectric power plants in South Carolina and the energy costs associated with water heating and treatment, proposing policy priorities to improve efficiency in both sectors.

The document highlights the significant water requirements of Tennessee's thermoelectric power plants and the energy costs associated with water heating and treatment, proposing policy priorities to improve efficiency in both sectors.

The document highlights the interdependence of water and energy in Virginia, noting that thermoelectric power plants account for 75% of the state's freshwater withdrawals. It proposes policy priorities including the prioritization of low-water energy technologies, the adoption of ENERGY STAR and WaterSense products, and the implementation of water recycling and solar water heating. It also quantifies the energy costs of water heating and treatment, suggesting that widespread adoption of high-efficiency fixtures could save millions in bills.

The report outlines a framework for 'healthy design' in hospitals, arguing that sustainable architecture and engineered systems can reduce operating costs, improve clinical outcomes, and enhance staff retention. It provides a comprehensive set of recommendations for Massachusetts healthcare providers, ranging from regional collaborations and institutional policy changes to specific architectural and engineering interventions such as combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems and displacement ventilation. The document emphasizes the 'business case' for green building, citing evidence that such projects often have minimal capital cost premiums while offering significant life-cycle savings and health benefits.

The North Central Arizona Water Demand Study (Phase I) assesses water demand and supply for 15 non-reservation communities on the Coconino Plateau. In 2000, total demand was approximately 5,842 million gallons, with potable water accounting for 80% and reclaimed wastewater for 16%. The report highlights a significant reliance on groundwater, often from deep and costly wells, and the critical role of wastewater reclamation in communities like Tusayan, where it meets 40% of demand. It identifies a wide disparity in conservation efforts, with Flagstaff having the most extensive program and Page lacking a serious initiative. The document concludes by proposing a Phase II forecasting methodology that uses population projections and water-use models to create baseline, moderate, and aggressive conservation scenarios.

The report examines a range of high-efficiency fixtures and systems to reduce residential water use. It highlights the potential of dual-flush toilets, low-flow showerheads and faucets, graywater recycling, composting toilets, and rainwater collection. The author argues that while the 1992 U.S. standards significantly reduced per-capita indoor water use, further gains can be achieved through technology and native landscaping, while raising broader questions about sustainability and growth.

The report presents four narrative scenarios for the future of U.S. municipal water systems in 2010, structured around two critical uncertainties: the extent of the federal government's regulatory and managerial role and the availability and cost of capital. The scenarios—'Mandate', 'Approaching Apocalypse', 'Seeking Camelot', and 'Off to Market'—explore how different combinations of these drivers, alongside factors like public health concerns, technological advances, and demographic shifts, could shape water infrastructure, quality, and management. The document emphasizes that these are not predictions but tools to help water managers and policymakers identify risks and develop robust strategies.

The document highlights the critical need for climate-resilient investment in the Caribbean water sector to mitigate high economic losses from hazards like hurricanes and droughts. Between 2010 and 2012, USD 8.3 billion in ODA was disbursed to the Caribbean, with USD 172 million allocated to the water sector; of this, only USD 12 million was tagged as climate change relevant. In contrast, global climate funds provided USD 14 million to the water sector during the same period, showing a stronger focus on strategy development and technical studies compared to the infrastructure focus of traditional ODA. The brief identifies five key global climate funds that disbursed a total of USD 44 million to the Caribbean, with 32% targeted at water. It recommends that water sector planners use online platforms like Climate Finance Options to identify funding and suggests matching specialist climate finance with traditional sources to leverage larger investments.

The document advocates for Robust Decision Making (RDM) to manage climate uncertainty in water sector investments. It proposes a screening process to categorize investments into no/low regret, climate change risky, and climate change justified options, prioritizing those that provide benefits regardless of the climate scenario. It emphasizes addressing the 'adaptation deficit'—the backlog of investments needed to protect against existing climatic fluctuations—and suggests using sensitivity analysis and benefit-cost appraisals to refine development portfolios.

The State Revolving Loan Funds (SRFs) operate as finance programs where federal grants are converted into loans for local utilities, which are then repaid and reinvested. The Clean Water SRF (CWSRF) and Drinking Water SRF (DWSRF) provide below-market interest rates (averaging 1.5%) and prioritize projects based on state-specific needs, including green infrastructure and disadvantaged communities. Since 1988, the CWSRF has facilitated over $172 billion in investment across 65,000 projects. The document highlights a critical funding gap, noting that the national need to maintain clean water infrastructure is at least $630.1 billion over the next twenty years.

PepsiCo is implementing a water stewardship approach to build resilience against climatic extremes, specifically at its Parow site in Cape Town. The company has achieved a total annual water saving of 147,892 m³ through various site-specific projects, including a R27.9 million investment in advanced batch peeling technology that reduced fresh water usage by 1.06m³/hr and increased annual revenue by R1.4 million. Beyond its facility, PepsiCo aims to be Net Water Positive by 2030 and has invested R29.8 million over five years in the Greater Cape Town Water Fund to restore ecosystems and remove invasive species. Additionally, the PepsiCo Foundation invested R6 million in safe water and sanitation projects across the Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and Limpopo.

Bayside Shopping Mall in Cape Town implemented a rainwater and stormwater harvesting system consisting of six 10,000-litre tanks and two header tanks to supply non-potable water for irrigation and toilet flushing. The project required a capital investment of R 1.5 million and achieved a 93% reduction in water consumption for those specific uses, with annual savings of R 200,000 and a five-year payback period.

JG Afrika's Cape Town office reduced its water consumption by 67% between 2011 and 2017 through a phased approach of demand reduction and efficiency upgrades. Initial steps in 2012 and 2013, including reducing irrigation and installing waterless urinals, led to a 24% reduction in average annual water consumption. In response to the Western Cape drought in 2016 and 2017, the firm turned off irrigation entirely, implemented weekly consumption logging, and installed hold-flush toilets, low-flow tap aerators, and low-flow shower heads. These technical interventions were supported by staff education and awareness campaigns. To further increase resilience, the firm installed two 10,000-litre rainwater tanks. The total capital investment for these measures was R13,100, resulting in annual water savings of 727 kilolitres in 2017 and cumulative annual savings of R33,424 since 2011.