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A World Resources Institute (WRI) study analyzes the barriers to implementing National Adaptation Plans at the local level in Brazil, India, and Indonesia. The report identifies fragmented governance, uneven technical capacity, and limited access to finance and localized data as primary obstacles. It argues that effective adaptation requires 'vertical integration,' where national resources support local implementation and local priorities inform national decision-making.

The 'Toolkit for Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning for National Adaptation Plan Processes' provides practical guidance for national government teams to develop and improve monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) systems, specifically focusing on the identification and use of adaptation indicators.

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines the disconnect between trade policy and climate change adaptation, arguing that 'international technology transfer' remains an abstract concept rather than a practical reality. It proposes aligning trade negotiations with National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Technology Needs Assessments (TNAs) to ensure developing countries can access context-specific hardware, software, and orgware necessary for climate resilience.

This briefing describes the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), an international framework established under the 2015 Paris Agreement to monitor and evaluate progress on climate adaptation. It details the development of approximately 100 draft indicators to be agreed upon at COP30 in Belém, which aim to move adaptation targets from broad pledges to quantifiable metrics. The document highlights the critical underfinancing of adaptation compared to mitigation and the potential for high returns on investment in resilience measures.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics explains the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), a framework established under the 2015 Paris Agreement to set measurable targets and indicators for climate adaptation. It details the role of the GGA in monitoring progress, the proposed indicators to be discussed at COP30 in Belém, the current state of National Adaptation Plans, and the significant financing gap for adaptation in developing countries.

This synthesis report by the NAP Global Network analyzes how 62 countries have integrated Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) into their National Adaptation Plan (NAP) documents, based on submissions to the UNFCCC as of June 30, 2025.

This infographic summarizes the integration of nature-based solutions (NbS), ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), and biodiversity considerations within national adaptation plan (NAP) documents, based on a review of 57 documents submitted to the UNFCCC.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the role of Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) in Africa, focusing on the food sector. It argues that while African governments have set ambitious adaptation targets, governance barriers, financial constraints, and a lack of meaningful integration of local and Indigenous knowledge hinder effectiveness. The document advocates for decentralised finance, inclusive governance, and robust monitoring systems to ensure climate resilience is sustainable and context-specific.

This policy brief examines the role of Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) in Africa, highlighting how centering decision-making at the community level can address the severe economic and social costs of climate change. While many African nations have integrated adaptation goals into national policies, the document identifies significant governance and financial barriers that hinder the effective implementation of LLA, particularly within food systems.

This report by the NAP Global Network evaluates the integration of nature-based solutions (NbS), ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), and biodiversity considerations within 57 multi-sector national adaptation plan (NAP) documents submitted to the UNFCCC as of July 31, 2024.

This report analyzes Green Climate Fund (GCF) readiness proposals as of August 31, 2024, examining how 102 countries have utilized funding (up to USD 3 million per country) for National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) to identify gaps and improve the transition from planning to implementation by 2030.

This synthesis report analyzes how countries are advancing vertical integration—the creation of strategic linkages between national and sub-national governance levels—within National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes. Based on a review of NAP documents submitted to the UNFCCC's NAP Central as of July 2023, the report examines the roles of sub-national governments and non-state actors in the planning, implementation, and monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) stages of climate adaptation.

This briefing note by the International Institute for Sustainable Development discusses the importance of aligning national financing strategies for climate change adaptation with other financial plans, such as those for biodiversity and the Sustainable Development Goals, to ensure coordinated resource mobilization and implementation.

This report evaluates the progress of four Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)—the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the World Bank—in mainstreaming climate adaptation finance. Based on case studies from Kenya, Nepal, and Peru, the document examines how these institutions scale up funding, incorporate climate risk screening, and align their portfolios with national priorities such as National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and nationally determined contributions (NDCs).

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute reviews 15 multisectoral National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) to assess the integration of human rights principles. The analysis finds that human rights are not systematically referenced or used to guide the planning and implementation processes in the majority of the reviewed documents, despite the obligations outlined in the Paris Agreement.

The NAP Global Network 2020–2021 Progress Report details the activities of a network dedicated to supporting developing countries in formulating and implementing National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). During the reporting period (December 2020 to November 2021), the Network shifted toward providing rapid, short-term technical assistance via its Country Support Hub and focused on integrating gender, health, and finance into adaptation planning to accelerate climate-resilient recovery.

This briefing note discusses the necessity and challenges of integrating National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes with peacebuilding agendas in fragile and unstable contexts to enhance long-term stability and resilience.

This briefing note from the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) outlines recommendations for UNFCCC Parties at COP-25 to integrate human rights, gender equality, and participatory processes into climate action. It emphasizes the need for rights-based safeguards in Article 6 market mechanisms, the ratification of the Escazú Agreement, and the protection of indigenous peoples and local communities in adaptation and loss and damage frameworks.

This briefing note describes the role of the integrated vulnerability assessment (IVA) framework in supporting National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes in Kiribati, Tuvalu, and the Solomon Islands.

This policy brief introduces the use of domestic public finance to implement National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes, noting that various financing sources and mechanisms are being explored as countries integrate adaptation into sector planning.