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The document details how fossil fuel production and combustion cause systemic health damage from fetal development through old age, disproportionately affecting marginalized populations in 'sacrifice zones'. It highlights that global fossil fuel subsidies reached an estimated US$ 7 trillion in 2022, including US$ 5.7 trillion in implicit subsidies representing unaccounted social and health costs. The report advocates for a 'just transition' that includes ending new fossil fuel projects, internalizing health costs via the 'polluter pays' principle, and redirecting financial resources toward renewable energy and public health infrastructure.

The document details how fossil fuels cause systemic health damage across their entire value chain, affecting individuals from fetal development through old age. It highlights the disproportionate burden on marginalized communities in 'sacrifice zones' and calls for the elimination of fossil fuel subsidies, the cessation of new exploration, and the internalisation of health costs through the 'polluter pays' principle to facilitate a just energy transition.

The 'Cradle to Grave' report is a comprehensive global overview of the health impacts of fossil fuels, spanning from extraction to waste and from fetal development to old age. Grounded in over 600 scientific citations, it argues that fossil fuel reliance is a 'public health emergency' rather than just an environmental issue. The document highlights that fossil fuels cause immediate harms—including cancers, respiratory illnesses, and cardiovascular disease—and that 'clean' fossil fuel narratives are marketing strategies. It advocates for a rapid, just transition to renewable energy, the redirection of $7 trillion in fossil fuel subsidies toward public health and clean energy, and the application of the precautionary principle where research gaps exist.

The report 'Cradle to Grave' details how fossil fuel production, transport, and combustion cause systemic health harms across all life stages, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities. It maps specific toxicants to health outcomes, analyzes the compounding risks of climate change on fossil fuel infrastructure, and documents societal harms including human rights abuses and economic instability. The document concludes with a framework for a health-focused just transition and policy recommendations to end fossil fuel exploration, subsidies, and finance.

The report 'Do berço ao túmulo' (From Cradle to Grave) by the Global Climate and Health Alliance details how fossil fuels cause systemic health damage at every stage of their life cycle. It highlights the disproportionate burden on marginalized communities and the 'sacrifice zones' created by industrial pollution. The document argues that the current energy system creates a 'triple crisis' of environmental devastation, widespread human health impairment, and instability in health systems. It calls for a just transition that prioritizes public health, eliminates fossil fuel subsidies, and holds polluters accountable through the 'polluter pays' principle.

The report 'De la cuna a la tumba' (From Cradle to Grave) details how fossil fuel production and use cause systemic health damage across all human life stages, from fetal development to old age. It highlights the disproportionate burden on marginalized communities and indigenous peoples, who often live in 'sacrifice zones.' The document maps specific health risks associated with extraction, refining, transport, and combustion, while also addressing the social disruptions and human rights violations linked to the industry. It concludes with a set of policy recommendations to end fossil fuel exploration, eliminate subsidies, and internalize health costs under the 'polluter pays' principle to achieve a just energy transition.

Saskatchewan faces significant economic risks due to its reliance on oil and gas, with 6% of its workforce in transition-vulnerable sectors. While the province has strengths in agricultural technology, critical minerals, and renewable energy potential, it lags behind other Canadian provinces in attracting transition-consistent investment. Growth is concentrated in Saskatoon and Regina, primarily within ag-tech and alternative proteins. Barriers to scaling include a lack of early-stage policy support, low R&D funding, and continued subsidies for fossil fuels, which create uncertainty for clean-tech investors.

Ghana is navigating a contradictory energy landscape where the government pursues both petroleum exploration and a net-zero target by 2070. While the National Energy Transition Framework (2022-2070) outlines a path toward decarbonization, the country's energy mix remains heavily dependent on oil and gas, which provided 64.1% of the energy supply as of April 2024. The transition is complicated by a top-down technocratic approach that has led to public resistance against policies like the ban on salvaged vehicles and carbon levies on petrol and diesel cars. Furthermore, there is a tension between domestic desires to utilize all available fossil resources for economic growth and global donor-driven pressures to accelerate the phase-out of hydrocarbons. The document recommends operationalizing a National Energy Transition Fund, improving procedural justice through public engagement, and harmonizing donor engagement to ensure a more equitable transition.

The document analyzes Nigeria's struggle to balance its economic reliance on oil and gas with climate ambitions. It highlights the risk of 'carbon lock-in' through policies like the Petroleum Industry Act and the fiscal vulnerability of sub-national governments. It proposes shifting from a natural-resource-dependent model to one based on high-value manufacturing and services, leveraging renewable energy and critical minerals like lithium. Key recommendations include developing multi-sectoral transition policies, securing international climate finance, and implementing social protections for displaced workers and the Niger Delta region.

The Sharm el-Sheikh mitigation ambition and implementation work programme (MWP), established at COP26, aims to accelerate global emissions reductions through non-prescriptive dialogues and capacity-building. While COP30 confirmed the programme's continuation through 2026 and improved finance matchmaking and inclusiveness, significant divergences remain between developed and developing nations regarding the level of prescriptive guidance for sectoral pathways and the scale of financial commitments. Key areas of ongoing debate include the design of a digital platform for information sharing and the balance between global guidance and national sovereignty in managing forests and waste.

The STARRS pilot project, initiated by Climate Group and Climate TRACE, demonstrates how satellite imagery and artificial intelligence can provide timely, granular greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for subnational governments. By tracking six pilot regions—Abruzzo (Italy), Basque Country (Spain), Jalisco (Mexico), Querétaro (Mexico), Pernambuco (Brazil), and Western Cape (South Africa)—the project addressed common barriers to emissions accounting, such as high costs and long timeframes associated with traditional bottom-up methods. The project provided historical data from 2015 to 2021 across sectors including electricity, heavy industry, and road transport, while also mapping biomass changes. Findings for the pilot regions highlighted specific emission drivers, such as the dominance of the Bilbao Refinery in the Basque Country's oil and gas sector and the significant impact of feedlots in Jalisco and Western Cape.

The report contends that carbon offsets in agriculture fail to reduce absolute emissions due to measurement uncertainties, lack of permanence, and issues with additionality. It highlights how these schemes often benefit agribusinesses while undermining food security, increasing land financialization, and locking in industrial farming models. The authors recommend excluding the land sector from international carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and redirecting finance toward agroecological practices.

A coalition of trade associations, businesses, and NGOs argues that excluding waste incinerators and landfills from the EU ETS creates distorted price signals and undermines circular economy goals. They call on the Commission to use its mandate under Article 30(7) of the EU ETS Directive to propose the inclusion of these sectors by 2026 for implementation in 2028, noting that incineration emits over 95 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent annually and landfills produce potent methane emissions.

The Drawdown Roadmap is a strategic framework developed by Project Drawdown to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations. It argues that while viable solutions exist, an organized plan is required to prioritize investments based on sectoral impact, the compounding effect of early reductions, and geographic 'hot spots'. The plan emphasizes maximizing co-benefits—such as poverty reduction and biodiversity conservation—and eliminating systemic barriers to accelerate the transition to a stable climate.

A coalition of 73 organizations argues that California's 2022 Draft Scoping Plan fails to accelerate climate targets or increase the pace of action beyond existing commitments. The group proposes a comprehensive set of revisions, including phasing out oil extraction by 2035 and refining by 2045, banning new gas-fired power generation immediately, and achieving a zero-carbon electric sector by 2035. They also call for a 30% reduction in vehicle miles traveled by 2035, a phase-out of new gas appliance sales by 2030, and the limitation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) to only the most essential, hard-to-decarbonize sectors.

Earthjustice argues that hydraulic fracturing (fracking) poses grave and irreversible risks to human health and the environment, citing extensive evidence from the United States. The organization contends that the Government of Mendoza's Decree No. 248/18 was issued without sufficient technical research or baseline data, violating the precautionary principle. Earthjustice requests the court to nullify the decree and suspend fracking activities until comprehensive scientific studies on air pollution, water contamination, radioactive waste, and induced seismicity are conducted.

The document argues that U.S. agriculture can achieve carbon neutrality by combining emissions reductions—particularly of nitrous oxide and methane—with increased soil carbon sequestration. It details 'carbon farming' practices such as cover cropping, agroforestry, and prescribed grazing, while critiquing the current 'farm safety net' for subsidizing carbon-intensive industrial operations. The authors propose a systemic shift toward payments for ecosystem services, reformed crop insurance, and updated federal research and extension priorities to incentivize climate-friendly agriculture.

The document describes renewable natural gas (RNG) as a carbon-neutral fuel derived from biomass, landfills, and wastewater treatment. It asserts that RNG is a versatile resource available in every US state, capable of meeting 4-10% of natural gas demand and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 146 million tons of CO2 annually. The briefing emphasizes that RNG is compatible with existing pipeline infrastructure and could create up to 250,000 jobs, while advocating for its inclusion in the federal investment tax credit to ensure a level playing field with other renewables.

Ember argues that Australia's 43% emission reduction target by 2030 is implausible without addressing coal mine methane (CMM), which dominates the energy sector's methane emissions. The submission urges Australia to join the Global Methane Pledge, improve its methane inventory to address potential underreporting, and adopt a 20-year emissions factor for domestic strategy to better reflect methane's short-term warming power.

The report evaluates the Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR), concluding that its -30% target for non-ETS sectors is insufficient to meet Paris Agreement goals and may only result in a 26.6% reduction due to flexibilities. It advocates for project-based transfers of Annual Emission Allocations (AEAs) to ensure additionality and avoid carbon lock-in in lower-income Member States. Specific opportunities for such projects are identified in the building, waste, and gas sectors of Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary.