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The Climate Bonds Core Methodology for Data Products provides a science-based framework for evaluating labelled-debt instruments, including green, social, sustainability, and sustainability-linked bonds. It employs a tiered system consisting of the Core Methodology, dataset-level methodologies, and an internal screening library to ensure consistency and credibility. Instruments are screened based on their use-of-proceeds (UoP) or key performance indicators (KPIs) and classified as 'aligned', 'not aligned', or 'pending'. The framework prioritizes avoiding 'fossil-fuel lock-in' and uses a materiality-based approach for tagging sub-themes such as biodiversity and climate resilience. While external reviews are considered supplementary, alignment is determined independently through a systematic review of issuer disclosures and formal transaction documentation.

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes approximately 0.5°C to global temperature increases. Human-made sources—including the fossil fuel industry, landfills, livestock, and agriculture—account for about 55% of methane pollution, while natural sources like wetlands and permafrost account for 45%. Mitigation strategies focus on stopping leaks in the oil and gas supply chain, improving landfill waste management, and altering livestock diets. International efforts include the Global Methane Pledge, aiming for a 30% reduction from 2020 levels by 2030, and EU regulations banning venting and flaring. RMI supports these goals through data tools like the Oil Climate Index plus Gas (OCI+), WasteMAP, and the MiQ certification standard.

A research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative evaluating the integration of methane abatement into the transition plans of 10 leading banks and institutional investors, finding limited overall action and a significant gap in agrifood sector coverage.

A group of Canadian health professionals and community leaders is urging the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) to halt funding for LNG Canada and the Coastal GasLink pipeline. They argue that current assessments fail to account for the cumulative health burdens of fracked gas extraction, transport, and terminal operations, particularly in Kitimat and northeast British Columbia. The authors claim JBIC is violating OECD guidelines, Japan's own Net Zero 2050 commitment, and international human rights standards, specifically regarding the lack of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) from Wet’suwet’en hereditary leaders and other Indigenous groups.

The document details a proposed expansion of at least 45 ammonia facilities in the US, primarily in Texas and Louisiana, which could quadruple production. It critiques the 'blue ammonia' label as greenwashing, noting that carbon capture systems often fail and that ammonia is a highly toxic substance. The text highlights the dangers of ammonia leaks to human health and aquatic ecosystems, citing specific recent disasters in Oklahoma, Iowa, and Illinois, and argues against creating speculative markets for ammonia as a shipping fuel or energy carrier.

The report analyzes over 300 advertisements from four oil majors, arguing that they used 'paltering'—mixing truth with omissions—to mislead the public about emissions reductions, renewable energy investments, and the viability of technologies like carbon capture and algae biofuels.

The report finds that sustainable finance taxonomies generally suffer from incomplete sectoral coverage, a tendency to prioritize usability over technical rigor, and a lack of specific, measurable criteria for methane abatement. While the energy sector has the most extensive coverage, agriculture and waste sectors are inconsistently addressed. The authors propose a set of evidence-based best practices and technical screening criteria to improve the environmental integrity of green finance frameworks.

The document assesses the potential for an Emissions Trading System for Agriculture (Agri-ETS) in the EU, arguing that such a system would only be effective if it targets large-scale polluters, avoids free allowances and carbon offsets, and is integrated into a wider suite of reforms. It highlights the risks of 'GHG tunnel vision' and the necessity of reforming the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to stop subsidising harmful practices. The author advocates for a 'Just Transition Fund for Agri-food' to support small-scale farmers using Agri-ETS revenues.

The author argues that systemic issues, such as confusing date labels and liability concerns for grocers, drive significant food waste in the United States. The text advocates for two bipartisan bills: the Food Date Labeling Act, to standardize date labels and facilitate food donations, and the NO TIME TO Waste Act, to establish a USDA Office of Food Loss and Waste and aim for a 50% reduction in food waste by 2030.

The document highlights the rapid global growth of solar energy, noting a 31% jump in generation in the first half of 2025 and its cost-effectiveness compared to fossil fuels. It advises journalists to move past 'alternative energy' framing, treat intermittency as a manageable issue rather than a fundamental obstacle, and be skeptical of 'weird solar' innovations that cannot compete with mass-produced panels. The guide also provides specific examples of solar applications, from agrivoltaics in Illinois to mini-grids in Nigeria and resilience hubs in Houston.

The World Resources Institute argues that COP30 must move beyond pledges to implementation by establishing a global roadmap for ambition, accelerating sectoral action for 2030 goals, and mobilizing long-term net-zero strategies. It emphasizes the need for G20 leadership in aligning near-term goals with long-term transitions and calls for a credible finance package, including the Baku-to-Belém Roadmap and country platforms, to unlock capital for developing nations.

The World Resources Institute outlines a seven-part framework to move intergovernmental climate coalitions from symbolic announcements to measurable impact. The guide emphasizes the need for clear purposes, actionable goals, diverse leadership—particularly from the Global South—and robust institutional structures like secretariats. It argues that without systematic monitoring and the integration of goals into national policies, the growing number of climate pledges risks duplication and dilution rather than systemic delivery.

The report identifies a severe underfunding of sustainable livestock systems in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), where livestock accounts for approximately 28% of regional greenhouse gas emissions. It highlights a significant financing gap, estimating that annual flows need to increase up to 255 times to enable a transition. The analysis reveals that public investors are currently the most suitable for the sector due to higher risk tolerance, while private investment is hindered by governance risks, macroeconomic instability, and a mismatch between project scales and investor preferences. The document proposes three scenarios—Business-as-Usual, Improved Finance Strategies (IFS), and Improved Finance and Policy Strategies (IFPS)—to demonstrate how blended finance, risk-reduction tools, and regulatory reforms can attract private capital, particularly for large-scale farms in Brazil and Mexico.

The document defines Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) as national plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and build climate resilience, required every five years under the Paris Agreement. It highlights a significant 'implementation gap,' noting that current policies could lead to 3.1 degrees C of warming by 2100. The guide outlines five essential components for the 2025 NDCs—ambitious targets, sector-specific measures, adaptation strategies, investment policies, and just transition principles—and discusses the financial and technical support needed by developing countries to meet their conditional pledges.

The document asserts that global hunger is caused by a profit-driven system rather than food scarcity, highlighting the role of the 'ABCD firms' and financial speculators in driving up prices. It links food systems to 34% of global greenhouse gas emissions and notes the severe impact of climate-driven droughts in Southern Africa. While acknowledging previous G20 efforts, it criticizes the lack of systemic reforms, such as regulating food speculation or implementing buffer stocks. Under its G20 presidency, South Africa has established a Food Security Task Force to study commodity price volatility and stabilization techniques.

The document explains that human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels, have increased average global temperatures by approximately one degree Celsius since 1880. It details the resulting impacts, including more frequent extreme weather, rising sea levels, and ocean acidification. The text outlines strategies for addressing these challenges through climate mitigation, adaptation, and resilience, while describing the roles of the U.S. government, corporations, and the United Nations in implementing these solutions.

The document explains that global warming, driven primarily by human-caused greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and agriculture, has increased average global temperatures by approximately 1 degree Celsius since 1880. It details the resulting impacts, including more frequent extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and ocean acidification. The text outlines various responses, such as the transition to renewable energy, energy efficiency, and the roles of the United Nations and the U.S. government in international agreements like the Paris Agreement. It also defines key concepts such as climate adaptation, mitigation, and resilience, and discusses the role of climate finance in supporting these efforts.

The document outlines the global feedback loop between climate change and wildfires, while highlighting the specific vulnerabilities of border communities and migrants in the US-Mexico region. It provides a framework for reporting on transboundary air pollution, the health risks of smoke exposure for marginalized groups, and the role of cross-border fire management coordination.

The document analyzes global agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, noting that the sector accounted for approximately 20% of global anthropogenic emissions in 2022. It identifies ruminant livestock and deforestation as the primary drivers of these emissions and highlights significant regional variations in emission intensities. The author argues that coupled subsidies and market price supports incentivize environmentally harmful practices and recommends repurposing these funds toward sustainable management, innovation, and uncoupled payments to reduce the sector's carbon footprint while balancing food security and livelihoods.

The document argues that the market price of fossil fuels fails to account for significant 'hidden costs' or externalities occurring during extraction, transport, and combustion. It details the severe health impacts of coal mining, such as black lung and cardiovascular disease, and the environmental degradation caused by mountaintop removal in Appalachia. The paper also examines the risks of oil and gas drilling, including methane leakage, water contamination from fracking, and catastrophic spills. Finally, it quantifies the economic burden of air pollution and global warming emissions, contrasting these with the lower impacts of renewable energy sources.