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Global Witness critiques COP26 as a failure that lacked urgency and accountability, noting that the summit allowed fossil fuel lobbyists significant access while excluding many affected communities. The organization highlights the inadequacy of voluntary pledges on deforestation and the failure to secure comprehensive agreements on phasing out oil, gas, and fossil fuel subsidies, concluding that the commitments made are insufficient to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees.

The Sombwe dam project in the Democratic Republic of the Congo threatens the Upemba National Park, potentially flooding tropical forests and endangering rare species like savannah elephants and zebras. Global Witness reports that the 160 MW project may violate Congolese conservation law and could release 1.3 million tonnes of CO2 by the end of the century. The report highlights failures in the initial environmental impact study and calls on the constructor, PowerChina, and international financial backers—including BlackRock and Standard Chartered—to suspend work and seek an alternative site.

The document details a 'closed loop' system where Cape Town Market diverts organic waste to Elgin Fruit Juice's anaerobic digester in Grabouw to produce electricity. The resulting digestate is transported back to Cape Town Market, where Ywaste uses it as a carbon-based additive to create compost for farmers. This synergy results in 1,400 tonnes of organic waste diverted from landfills annually, a reduction of 1,000 tonnes of fossil greenhouse gases, and an annual saving of R550,000 for Cape Town Market.

The document details the use of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae to convert low-grade organic waste into high-value protein and oil for animal feed, pet food, and pharmaceuticals. It focuses on Maltento, a Cape Town company that processes organic by-products like spent brewery grain and fruit/vegetable pulp. The study argues that this circular economy approach reduces landfill reliance, lowers greenhouse gas emissions, and decreases dependency on volatile global imports of soy and fishmeal. In 2021, Maltento processed approximately 6,000 tonnes of organics, creating jobs and providing a more stable price for protein derivatives.

The report by Mighty Earth alleges that Carrefour, as a leader in Brazilian retail, is linked to significant deforestation in the Amazon and Cerrado. It highlights a heavy reliance on JBS for beef and Bunge for soy, both of which are identified as major drivers of deforestation. The report estimates Carrefour's potential responsibility for Amazon deforestation at 4.4% and documents specific links to illegal land clearing in indigenous territories.

The Institute for Policy Integrity and other organizations challenge the Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) proposal to delay the 2016 Waste Prevention Rule, asserting that the agency's economic analysis—specifically regarding the social cost of methane—is inconsistent with scientific and legal standards. They state that the rule's annual benefits exceed its costs by up to $200 million.

The fact sheet argues that many climate scenarios used by financial actors act as 'greenwashing tools' by underestimating renewable energy, relying on unlikely negative emissions technologies, and omitting significant portions of global greenhouse gas emissions. It asserts that these scenarios often lead to warming exceeding 1.5°C and calls for a complete phase-out of fossil fuel financing by 2040 in Europe and 2050 globally.

The document argues that many climate scenarios used by financial actors and large companies serve as tools for greenwashing by underestimating renewable energy and relying on improbable negative emissions to justify continued fossil fuel investment.

The report challenges the narrative of fossil gas as a 'bridge fuel,' stating that a global gas-based electricity system would be as damaging to the climate as one based on coal. It distinguishes between the roles of different gas turbines, noting that while open-cycle gas turbines (OCGTs) can provide short-term flexibility for variable renewable energy, combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) lack the necessary ramp-up speed and risk commercial failure if used only as backup. The document concludes that existing thermal plants and storage technologies, such as pumped-storage hydropower, are sufficient to meet seasonal flexibility needs, rendering new gas infrastructure unnecessary and uneconomical.

The report posits that climate change is an artifact of resource inefficiency and that mitigating it can be done at a profit. It highlights that energy efficiency, switching to low-carbon fuels, and improving forestry and farming practices can reduce greenhouse gas emissions while lowering costs for businesses and governments. The text argues against the necessity of nuclear power, citing its high cost and market failure, and instead promotes wind, solar, and combined-cycle gas turbines. It suggests that market-oriented policies, such as those established by the Kyoto Protocol and the Montreal Treaty, can incentivize carbon reductions through trading mechanisms. The document concludes that the transition to a low-carbon economy can be managed without net job losses, provided there is transitional support for displaced workers in the fossil fuel sector.

The Impact Benefits Calculator (IBC) is a tool integrated into LEAP that translates emissions scenarios into estimates of health and climate impacts. It utilizes parameterized results from the GEOS-Chem Adjoint model and standard concentration-response functions to calculate population-weighted PM2.5 concentrations and associated premature mortality. The tool is designed to be accessible to planners in the developing world, reducing complex modeling that previously required supercomputers to calculations that run in seconds. It currently supports 161 countries and analyzes pollutants including CO2, methane, black carbon, and nitrogen oxides.

The document outlines the requirements for using the Integrated Benefit Calculator (IBC) with LEAP, specifying that it supports 161 countries and requires national or multi-national scale areas. It details the necessary pollutant accounting—including CO2, methane, and various short-lived climate pollutants—and the specific data structure (Tree branches) required for the tool to function. Once configured, IBC allows users to analyze premature mortality, crop losses, and temperature changes based on geographic sources and pollutant contributions.

Colombia is utilizing the CCAC SNAP initiative and the LEAP-IBC tool to identify priority emitting sectors and integrate short-lived climate pollutant (SLCP) mitigation into its national air quality and climate change policies. The process involves quantifying emission scenarios to inform legal frameworks and funding, with specific focus on agriculture (rice paddies, sugar cane, manure management), transport, brick kilns, and cookstoves. To date, 60 regional climate change plans have been reviewed to identify implementation opportunities, and 15 of the 100 measures in Colombia's INDC resulted from SNAP Phase I.

Ghana is utilizing the SNAP initiative to develop a national plan for mitigating short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), integrating these efforts into its National Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda. The Ghana EPA is employing the LEAP-IBC model to calculate emissions and benefits across both energy and non-energy sectors. Key sectoral actions include the potential implementation of Euro-benchmarked emission standards for transport, the distribution of 200,000 solar lanterns to replace kerosene, and a Green Cooling Programme to replace high-GWP HFC air conditioners. To support these goals, the Ministry of Finance has established a climate change unit as the National Designated Authority for the Green Climate Fund.

Mexico has utilized the CCAC SNAP initiative to develop a strategic national plan for reducing short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), specifically black carbon and methane. By leveraging tools like LEAP-IBC and coordinating through the National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC), Mexico integrated SLCP targets into its 2015 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), aiming for a 51% reduction in black carbon by 2030. Key sectoral actions include mandating EURO VI technology for new buses in Mexico City by 2018 and implementing clean cookstove and waste management projects in coastal wetland communities.

Nigeria is implementing the SNAP initiative by establishing a coordination office within the Federal Ministry of Environment to identify emission sources and develop a national action plan. The process involves integrating the LEAP-IBC tool to model the impacts of emission scenarios on health, climate, and crop yields. Priority sectors for mitigation include cookstoves, agriculture, transport, brick kilns, and the oil and gas industry, with a focus on improving regulation, enforcement, and legislative frameworks to align with Nigeria's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs).

Peru is utilizing the SNAP toolkit to address outdoor air pollution, which causes approximately 9,373 premature deaths annually. The country has established a dedicated SLCP Unit within the Ministry of Environment and is forming inter-ministerial and technical committees to develop a national emission inventory and cost-benefit analyses for mitigation. Current priority actions target diesel vehicles, cookstoves, brick production, and solid waste, with a transition toward EURO V vehicle emission standards between 2010 and 2021. Notable achievements include the installation of 235,263 certified clean cookstoves by June 2012 and the adoption of 145 new technologies in artisanal brick production since 2012.

Mali's revised NDC aims for a 40% total reduction in net GHG emissions by 2030 compared to a business-as-usual scenario. The plan covers four sectors: energy, agriculture, forestry/land-use change, and waste, with specific reduction targets for each. It emphasizes a transition to a low-carbon economy through renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and intensive reforestation (REDD+). Adaptation is a priority, focusing on green economy resilience, water management (GIRE), and gender-sensitive policies. The total cost for mitigation is estimated at $4.344 billion, while adaptation is valued at $8 billion.

The SEI strategy 2025–29 focuses on three impact areas: climate transitions, nature and resources, and health and wellbeing. It introduces 'accelerating implementation' as a new strategic outcome to move faster on global goals. The institute aims to pursue innovative research on emerging topics such as critical raw materials, the sustainability of AI, and the intersection of climate transitions and international security, while strengthening its global integration as 'One SEI'.

Côte d’Ivoire is utilizing the SNAP initiative to identify and mitigate short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) to improve public health, agriculture, and climate. Priority areas for action include the transportation sector, waste management, industrial processes, oil refineries, and the use of traditional cookstoves. The country is employing the LEAP-IBC tool for emission inventories and planning, with the goal of informing its air quality strategy and the implementation of the Paris Agreement.