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This briefing by RMI outlines the critical questions and structural challenges facing the process to establish a New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) for climate finance before 2025. It argues that the NCQG must move beyond the political nature of the previous US$100 billion target to become a science- and needs-based goal that addresses the specific priorities of developing countries, including adaptation, loss and damage, and a just transition.

This submission by Amnesty International and the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) to the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights in the context of climate change argues that States have a legal obligation to protect human rights from climate-induced loss and damage (L&D). The document advocates for a human rights-based approach to L&D, including the establishment of a dedicated Loss and Damage Finance Facility, the implementation of inclusive needs assessments, and the recognition of the collective responsibility of wealthy States to provide remedy and compensation to affected people in developing countries.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics discusses the findings of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), specifically the Working Group II (WGII) report on impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. It outlines the severe effects of human-induced climate change on ecosystems and humans, the increasing frequency of extreme weather, the disproportionate impact on marginalised populations, and the critical need for transformative adaptation and mitigation to avoid catastrophic economic and social costs.

This policy brief examines the polluter-pays principle (PPP), which requires pollution producers to bear the costs of managing and preventing environmental and human health damage. While established in European Union and OECD frameworks, the PPP faces challenges in universal international application due to ambiguities in defining 'the polluter' and differing national legal systems. The document explores the PPP's intersection with international climate change law, the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR), and efforts by global financial institutions to implement carbon pricing.

This CIEL briefing analyzes COP26, arguing that while some progress was made in mentioning human rights and fossil fuels, the overall outcomes were undermined by exclusionary negotiation processes and a failure to implement binding human rights safeguards. Key issues include the persistence of fossil fuel influence, the creation of carbon market rules that may allow 'junk credits', and the watering down of loss and damage financing. The report calls for a more robust, people-centered approach in the lead-up to COP27 and the first Global Stocktake.

This submission by the Global Climate and Health Alliance (GCHA) and the Health and Climate Network (HCN) to the UNFCCC Global Stocktake first technical call argues that health is a prerequisite for the successful implementation of the Paris Agreement. The document advocates for the integration of health metrics and outcomes across mitigation, adaptation, finance, and loss and damage frameworks to maximize co-benefits and protect vulnerable populations.

This briefing, submitted by the Global Climate and Health Alliance (GCHA) and the Health and Climate Network (HCN) in February 2022, advocates for the integration of health as a central component of the UNFCCC's Global Stocktake (GST). The document argues that health is a prerequisite and critical indicator for the success of the Paris Agreement, emphasizing that ambitious climate mitigation provides immediate health co-benefits, while adaptation and loss and damage frameworks must explicitly prioritize health infrastructure and funding to protect vulnerable populations.

The COP27 Resilience Hub Synthesis Report outlines the outcomes and key messages from the Resilience Hub at COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh. The Hub serves as a physical and virtual space to mobilise ambition and investment for climate resilience, acting as the home for the UN-backed Race to Resilience campaign. The report synthesises findings across nine thematic areas and four regional hubs, emphasizing the need for locally-led adaptation, increased and diversified finance, and the integration of arts and culture into resilience strategies.

The 'State of Global Environmental Governance 2022' report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) reviews the progress of multilateral environmental negotiations in 2022. It highlights a significant rebound in face-to-face diplomacy following the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in landmark agreements on biodiversity and the establishment of a loss and damage fund for climate-vulnerable nations. The report also examines the integration of human rights into environmental policy and the impact of geopolitical conflicts, specifically the war in Ukraine, on global environmental governance.

The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) describes COP26 in Glasgow as a failure that prioritized 'false solutions' and corporate interests over the immediate action required to limit global warming to 1.5°C. The statement highlights the exclusion of civil society and Indigenous Peoples, the inadequacy of climate finance for the global South, and the failure of negotiated texts to commit to a full phase-out of fossil fuels, despite groundbreaking side-initiatives.

A statement from World Resources Institute President & CEO Ani Dasgupta evaluating the outcomes of COP26, noting that while 151 new national climate commitments were submitted, they are insufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C. The statement highlights progress on phasing down coal, doubling adaptation funding, and addressing loss and damage, while criticizing the failure of developed countries to meet the $100 billion annual finance goal and the decision to allow old emission credits in carbon markets.

A statement by the Center for International Environmental Law outlining the necessary conditions for COP26 to achieve real climate ambition, arguing that success requires the phase-out of fossil fuels, equitable financial support for developing nations, and the rejection of 'false solutions' like carbon offsets and geoengineering.

The Life After Coal campaign, consisting of groundWork, Earthlife Africa, and the Centre for Environmental Rights, issued a statement calling on South Africa to meet the lower bound of its updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target range by accelerating the coal phase-out and renewable energy expansion. The campaign urges the South African government to lead developing nations at COP26 in demanding increased financial support from wealthy nations for adaptation and loss and damage.

A World Resources Institute briefing analyzing the outcomes of the UN Climate Change subsidiary bodies sessions held online prior to COP26. The document reports that progress on implementing the Paris Agreement was uneven and limited, hampered by both virtual logistical challenges and deep political divides between nations.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) outlines key concerns regarding the UN Climate Change Conference, Sessions of the subsidiary bodies (SB52), which began on May 31, 2021. The document highlights critical gaps in climate ambition, the need for rigorous rules on carbon trading under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, the omission of 'loss and damage' from the formal agenda, and the challenges posed by the virtual negotiation format for civil society and Indigenous Peoples.

This report synthesises 50 'Voices from the Frontline' stories from June 2020 to October 2021, documenting how local communities in Asia and the Pacific, Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean coped with the compounding effects of Covid-19, climate change, and socioeconomic vulnerability. It examines these experiences through the lens of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting grassroots resilience and the need for external actors to support locally-led solutions.

The COP26 Resilience Hub Synthesis Report outlines key messages and future directions for climate adaptation and resilience, emphasizing the need for locally led action, diversified finance, and the integration of nature-based solutions. It synthesizes findings from the Resilience Hub's activities at COP26, focusing on three pillars (urban, coastal, and rural) and ten thematic areas to guide action toward COP27.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines four critical technical and political areas that UN negotiators must resolve by COP26 in November 2021. It reviews the outcomes of the 2020 Climate Dialogues and highlights significant gaps in the Paris Agreement rulebook, climate finance commitments, and mechanisms for loss and damage and adaptation.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines four critical areas for the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to address in its 2020-2023 Strategic Plan: aligning ambition with the 1.5 degrees Celsius goal, refining its approach to adaptation and loss and damage, maintaining programming quality amidst pressure for scale, and empowering developing country institutions through improved direct access.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law analyzes the outcomes of the COP25 climate negotiations held in December 2019 in Madrid, focusing on the integration of human rights into climate policies. It highlights a disconnect between the urgency demanded by global activists and the lack of ambition shown by negotiating Parties, while detailing specific developments regarding carbon markets, loss and damage, and gender action plans.