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A statement by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and World’s Youth for Climate Justice (WYCJ) urging UN member states to support a resolution on May 20, 2026, to operationalize the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) Advisory Opinion on states' climate obligations.

An open letter from the Canadian Coalition on Climate Change and Development (C4D) to the Prime Minister of Canada urging the government to establish a new international climate finance commitment following the expiration of a $5.3 billion envelope on March 31, 2026.

This guide, published by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) in February 2026, provides structured 'Litigation Notes' to help lawyers integrate the findings of the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) July 23, 2025, Advisory Opinion (AO) on State obligations regarding climate change into current and future legal cases. The document breaks down the ICJ's conclusions into thematic areas, including government framework litigation, adaptation, remedies and reparations, the right to a healthy environment, corporate conduct, climate finance, speculative interventions, and regulatory backsliding. It aims to translate the ICJ's normative clarity into practical tools for promoting climate justice across national, regional, and international courts.

This briefing, published by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and partners, provides a structured 'Litigation Note' to help legal practitioners apply the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) July 23, 2025, advisory opinion (AO) on States' obligations regarding climate change. The document focuses specifically on the legal frameworks for remedies and reparations, detailing how the ICJ AO clarifies State responsibility for internationally wrongful acts related to climate harm and how these findings can be integrated into domestic, regional, and international litigation against both States and corporate actors.

This policy brief by the African Future Policies Hub analyzes the implications of the July 2025 International Court of Justice (ICJ) Advisory Opinion on the Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change. The document argues that the ruling provides a legal and moral foundation to demand scaled-up climate finance, emphasizing the principles of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR-RC) and the necessity of reparations. It specifically links the ruling to the Baku to Belém (B2B) Roadmap and the financing of the third generation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) leading up to COP30.

This report by the Global Climate and Health Alliance provides a set of recommendations for COP30 to integrate health and planetary health into UNFCCC negotiations. It argues that climate change undermines global health progress and calls for ambitious action across adaptation, mitigation, just transition, loss and damage, and finance to protect human physical and mental health.

The 'Déclaration Semaine Climat-Energie 2025' is a statement issued by civil society organizations, non-state actors, and local authorities from Senegal and Africa following a summit in Dakar. It calls for the 'reinvention' of territories to address the climate emergency through economic sovereignty, the localization of climate finance, and the promotion of 'just transitions' that prioritize local communities and indigenous knowledge over debt-inducing private finance.

This fact sheet by the Institute for Economic Justice examines the inequities of global climate finance, arguing that current G20-led mechanisms often exacerbate debt vulnerability in developing nations through a reliance on loans and 'de-risking' strategies that prioritize private profit over public welfare.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law analyzes a July 23, 2025, advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) regarding States' obligations to address climate change. The ruling, adopted unanimously by 15 judges, establishes that States have binding obligations under international law to protect the climate system, phase out fossil fuels, and provide reparations for climate damage.

Belize’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0), published in June 2025, outlines the country's enhanced climate commitments to align with its goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. The document sets quantified targets for cumulative avoided greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and 2035 across the energy, waste, and AFOLU sectors, while detailing extensive adaptation strategies for coastal zones, fisheries, health, and tourism. A significant portion of these ambitions is conditional upon international climate finance, with a total estimated funding gap of 85% of the required 1.55 billion USD.

This fact sheet from the World Resources Institute explains the definition, scale, and challenges of adaptation finance, which funds projects to build resilience against climate change impacts. It highlights a significant funding gap in developing countries and the difficulties in tracking these investments compared to climate mitigation.

This guide from the World Resources Institute explains the concept of 'loss and damage' in the context of climate change, detailing the distinction between economic and non-economic losses, the history of UN negotiations, and the operationalization of the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD).

The Global Climate and Health Alliance (GCHA) submitted a consultation document in April 2025 providing recommendations to embed human health considerations into Nepal's draft Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3.0. The submission emphasizes the intersection of climate action and public health, urging Nepal to align its conditional targets with 1.5°C warming limits, address air pollution as a cross-cutting issue, and quantify the economic costs of health-related climate losses and damages.

A 'Call to Action' issued on 12 March 2025 by Government Representatives of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) meeting in Bridgetown, Barbados. The document outlines the urgent need for a just energy transition in SIDS to reduce fossil fuel dependency, address climate vulnerabilities, and increase energy access through five key areas of action: strengthening commitments, mobilizing finance, enhancing regional platforms, augmenting institutional capacity, and improving resilience and innovation.

This policy brief by the Africa Policy Research Institute analyzes the outcomes of COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, focusing on the implications for African nations. It evaluates the conference's results across key themes including climate finance, adaptation, loss and damage, energy transition, and gender inclusivity, arguing that while some incremental progress was made, the outcomes largely failed to meet the scale of the climate crisis and the specific needs of the Global South.

Natural Justice provides a legal and rights-based critique of South Africa's 2025 draft Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). While acknowledging progress in absolute emissions targets, the organization argues that the draft lacks the 'stringent' due diligence required by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and fails to provide concrete, costed implementation plans for adaptation and loss and damage. Natural Justice advocates for unconditional commitments to phase out fossil fuels, the integration of human rights indicators into monitoring frameworks, and the establishment of a grant-based domestic loss and damage facility funded by taxes on fossil fuel profits.

The Republic of Kazakhstan's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) outlines a comprehensive climate strategy for 2026–2035, aligning with its long-term goal of carbon neutrality by 2060. The document sets economy-wide emission reduction targets, details sectoral mitigation and adaptation measures, and establishes a framework for loss and damage and climate finance mobilization.

This guide from the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), originally published on the weADAPT platform, outlines eight primary topics expected to dominate the COP29 climate conference in Baku, Azerbaijan. The document highlights the conference's role in shaping global climate policy, specifically focusing on the establishment of new financial goals, the operationalization of loss and damage funds, and the intensification of national climate commitments.

This report analyzes the landscape of climate finance for agricultural risk management in Brazil between 2021 and 2023, focusing on public and private instruments used to protect rural production from extreme weather events. It details the financial flows of key programs like PROAGRO and PSR, highlighting a shift toward increased spending on loss and damages due to intensifying climate events, and discusses the role of Agricultural Climate Risk Zoning (ZARC) in improving resilience and sustainability.

This report describes the methodology used by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) to quantify and compare financial flows for land use with climate action components in Brazil for the period 2021-2023. It details the criteria for classifying finance into mitigation, adaptation, dual benefits, and loss and damage, while outlining the data sources and the 'Climate Finance Ecosystem' used to track public and private resources.