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This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative and Agroicone outlines the practical implications of a Supreme Court decision regarding the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code. It details the legal regimes for landowners based on deforestation dates, the role of the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA), and specific rules for Legal Forest Reserve recovery and compensation.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and Agroicone discusses the legal status and implementation steps of the Brazilian Forest Code (Federal Law No. 12,651/2012) following a February 2018 Supreme Federal Court (STF) ruling. The document outlines the requirements for rural producers to achieve environmental regularization, the benefits available to those who deforested before July 22, 2008, and the critical deadlines for registration in the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR).

This article analyzes a decision by the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF) regarding the 2012 Forest Code (Law No. 12,651/2012), specifically focusing on how contradictory rulings regarding the Environmental Reserve Quote (CRA) create legal uncertainty and potentially weaken this market-based mechanism for environmental regularization.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the Indonesian Village Fund, a fiscal instrument established in 2015 to promote rural economic development and reduce welfare gaps. While the fund has grown significantly in size and provides over 50% of village revenue, the study finds that spending is overwhelmingly directed toward transportation infrastructure rather than sustainable land use or environmental protection. The report identifies critical gaps in technical capacity, regulatory guidance, and coordination between village and district planning, offering five strategic recommendations to align the fund with sustainability goals.

This technical briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the Brazilian Supreme Court's (STF) rulings on the constitutionality of Law 12.651/2012 (the new Forest Code). The authors argue that by judging legal provisions separately rather than addressing the core issue of the July 22, 2008, time limit, the court has created contradictory rulings that threaten legal certainty and the effective implementation of environmental regulations.

The Responsible Commodities Facility (RCF) is a financial instrument designed to reduce deforestation in the Brazilian Cerrado by providing low-cost loans to soy and corn producers who utilize previously cleared and degraded lands rather than expanding into native vegetation.

The 2018 Goal 10 Assessment evaluates the state of forest governance, highlighting that slow improvements in institutional strength, the rule of law, and the recognition of indigenous land rights continue to hinder efforts to reduce deforestation.

The 2018 Progress Assessment Goal 7 Update reports that Goal 7, which sought to include forest-related mitigation in a post-2020 global climate agreement, was achieved through the 2015 Paris Agreement. The report evaluates progress based on the operationalization of REDD+ financing and the inclusion of land-use targets in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

This technical briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) provides a detailed analysis and critique of Minister Luiz Fux's vote regarding several Direct Actions of Unconstitutionality (ADIs) challenging the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012). The document highlights legal inconsistencies in the Minister's approach to the July 22, 2008, temporal milestone and the potential impacts of declaring the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA) unconstitutional.

This RMI insight brief presents the 'Sunshine for Mines' program, which provides a methodology for transforming legacy or inactive mine sites from financial liabilities into revenue-generating assets through the development of renewable energy and storage solutions.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) compares forest and land-use legislation across seven major agro-exporting countries: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, and the United States. The study specifically analyzes riparian Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and biodiversity conservation policies to determine how the Brazilian Forest Code compares to international legal requirements. The findings indicate that Brazil maintains some of the most rigorous rules for private land protection, particularly regarding mandatory native vegetation reserves and riparian buffers, although the report emphasizes that effective implementation, monitoring, and enforcement are necessary for Brazil to achieve its environmental goals.

This technical note by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and the NAPC/PUC-Rio argues that estimates of land 'amnesty' granted by the new Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12,651/2012) may be lower than previously reported by Imaflora, as some rules were already present in the previous legislation.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the emergence of agricultural growth poles (agropoles) and corridors in Africa. It describes these as coordinated investments in infrastructure and industry designed to transition African agriculture from subsistence to commercial systems. The document outlines the operational challenges facing these projects, the necessity of robust legal frameworks to avoid creating 'enclaves', and a three-step model (vision, design, and implementation) for ensuring responsible and sustainable development.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and PUC-Rio analyzes the Environmental Reserve Quote (Cota de Reserva Ambiental - CRA) as a mechanism for compensating Legal Reserve deficits in rural properties under Brazil's Forest Code (Law 12.651/2012). The document evaluates the CRA against other compensation alternatives, identifies institutional and legal barriers to its implementation, and provides recommendations for federal regulation to ensure market security and lower transaction costs.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and the NACP/PUC-Rio analyzes data from the TerraClass database regarding the increase of secondary vegetation (regeneration) in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014. It highlights that while regeneration has grown significantly, current Brazilian deforestation monitoring systems are unable to detect it, creating a gap in public policy and climate goal tracking.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes new data from the Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE) showing a significant increase in tropical secondary vegetation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014. The document highlights a gap in Brazil's satellite monitoring systems, which track primary deforestation but overlook regeneration, and outlines priorities for future policy analysis to integrate this phenomenon into carbon reduction goals and forest restoration requirements.

This policy brief explores the application of the Planetary Boundaries framework to EU policy-making, proposing an equal-per-capita allocation method to translate global limits into EU-scale benchmarks. It finds that the EU exceeds its fair share of the global safe operating space in several key areas and suggests that while EU policy instruments offer entry points for mainstreaming these boundaries, they currently fail to address process interactions or the EU's international environmental footprint.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the historical evolution, current structure, and systemic challenges of rural property rights in Brazil. It highlights how a legacy of disordered land occupation and a fragmented institutional framework have led to widespread land insecurity, social conflict, and environmental degradation. The document provides a detailed mapping of land categories, evaluates current government regularization programs, and offers policy recommendations to improve governance, law enforcement, and the integration of land registries.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the historical evolution and current state of rural land rights in Brazil. It identifies systemic insecurities caused by complex legislation, fragmented governance, and a lack of unified land registries, which contribute to land conflicts, deforestation, and inefficient land use. The document provides a framework for improvement focusing on governance, enforcement, regulation, and knowledge, while evaluating specific initiatives like the Terra Legal Program and the SIG-Fundiário system.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) argues that increasing agricultural productivity in Brazil is a viable strategy for mitigating climate change and reducing deforestation. By analyzing four historical drivers of productivity, the document demonstrates that technological innovation and policy improvements can shift agricultural expansion away from forests and toward underutilized pasture lands.