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This report by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) examines the state of the advanced biofuels industry in the United States following the 2008 economic recession. It analyzes national policy trends, identifies critical barriers to commercialization—including technological hurdles, market volatility, and regulatory uncertainty—and provides ten specific policy recommendations for state governments to support sustainable, local biofuel development during periods of limited fiscal capacity.

This report, an excerpt from a paper presented at the Banff Dialogue in April 2010, argues for the creation of a coherent national energy strategy for Canada to better manage its diverse energy resources and navigate its heavy trade dependence on the United States while transitioning toward low-carbon energy.

This policy brief examines the evolution of India's approach to climate change, noting a shift from a rigid stance based on historical equity toward a more pragmatic, constructive engagement in international diplomacy. This transition is driven by the desire to enhance international status and strengthen strategic relationships with the United States and China, while domestic climate action remains primarily motivated by development goals, energy security, and poverty alleviation.

This report provides a stylized review of the relationships between biomass, livelihoods, and international trade, focusing specifically on the trade and technical cooperation axis between the European Union and the Southern African Development Community (SADC).

This research paper examines the role of product standards, energy labelling, and processes and production methods (PPMs) in addressing climate change and their interactions with international trade law and the World Trade Organization (WTO).

This report, prepared by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) for Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), develops a conceptual methodology called the 'Impact Pathway approach' to value changes in agri-environmental indicators. The report tests this methodology on five specific indicators: Risk of Water Erosion, Risk of Water Contamination by Phosphorus, GHG Emissions, Energy Use Efficiency, and Wildlife Habitat Availability. It identifies critical data gaps, particularly in transport modelling for water-related indicators, and explores linkages between these valuations and integrated economic-environmental modelling and social indicators.

This research paper by the Center for International Environmental Law surveys compliance information and response systems across various multilateral agreements to provide lessons for policy makers designing the Kyoto Protocol's compliance mechanisms. It analyzes how different regimes handle reporting, review, initiation of non-compliance procedures, determination of violations, and the application of facilitative or punitive response measures.

The Minister of Environmental Affairs of South Africa issued a decision on 30 January 2018 to confirm the Environmental Authorisation (EA) for the construction of the 1200MW Thabametsi coal-fired power station. This decision followed a North Gauteng High Court order remitting the matter for reconsideration specifically regarding climate change and paleontological impact assessments.

This guide, published by the Centre for Environmental Rights (CER), provides a toolkit and instructions for the public to submit written comments on South Africa's Climate Change Bill. It outlines the law-making process, explains the role of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and identifies specific weaknesses in the Bill regarding transparency, timeframes, emission targets, and enforcement.

Earthlife Africa Johannesburg (ELA) submitted formal objections to the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA) regarding a license application by Thabametsi Power Company (Pty) Limited to operate a 630MW coal-fired power plant near Lephalale, Limpopo. ELA argues that the project is financially risky, environmentally damaging, and inconsistent with South Africa's international climate commitments under the Paris Agreement.

The 'Technical Guidelines for Validation and Verification of Greenhouse Gas Emissions' is a draft document issued by the South African Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF). It establishes the framework for verifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data submitted by Data Providers under the National Greenhouse Gas Emission Reporting Regulations, 2016 (NGERs). The guidelines detail a phased verification programme, the internal review processes of the Competent Authority, the requirements for independent third-party verification, and the accreditation and competence standards for verifiers.

This briefing, produced by a coalition of climate litigation practitioners, provides structured 'Litigation Notes' to help lawyers apply the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) July 23, 2025, advisory opinion (AO) on States' climate obligations. Specifically, this note focuses on the ICJ's conclusion that the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment is a binding norm of international law and a necessary precondition for the enjoyment of other human rights.

This guide by the Climate Bonds Initiative provides a framework for issuing certified green bonds within the Brazilian agricultural sector, aligning investments with the goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

This guide outlines the Climate Bonds Standard and Certification Scheme for issuing green bonds in the bioenergy sector, with a specific focus on the Brazilian market. It details the requirements for certification, the process for issuance, and the technical criteria for identifying eligible bioenergy projects and assets.

This guide by the Climate Bonds Initiative provides best practices for issuing green bonds within the bioenergy sector, with a specific focus on the Brazilian market. It outlines the Climate Bonds Standard and Certification Scheme, which aims to align financial investments with the goal of limiting global temperature increases to 1.5ºC.

This guide outlines the low carbon buildings criteria for the Peru region under the Climate Bonds Standard, focusing on the prohibition of fossil fuels for specific end uses, eligibility for social housing via the Mivivienda Verde Certificate, and energy emission reduction requirements for residential property upgrades.

This document is an annex containing comparative tables that analyze the alignment and ambition levels between the Colombian Green Taxonomy and the EU Taxonomy across various economic activities in the energy, construction, waste, transport, ICT, manufacturing, and forestry sectors.

This fact sheet explains the Climate Bonds Initiative's (CBI) Hydropower Bond Criteria, which provide a standardized framework for investors to identify hydropower projects aligned with the Paris Agreement. The criteria require projects to pass both a greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation screen and an adaptation and resilience (A&R) assessment to qualify for certification as a Climate Bond.

This report analyzes the barriers and strategic requirements for achieving a 100% electric Major Public Transport (TPM) fleet in Greater Valparaíso by 2040. It identifies charging infrastructure and electrical grid capacity as the most critical obstacles, while confirming that electric buses can operate in the city's challenging topography if technically adapted. The document proposes a transition from an atomized operator model to a professionalized system with state-led infrastructure provision, drawing on international experiences from the Netherlands, China, Colombia, and Santiago de Chile.

This document provides the key terms and methodology for the Forest Declaration Assessment, focusing on indicators for forest loss, degradation, and restoration. It details the use of a linear reduction pathway to reach 'gross zero' deforestation by 2030 and outlines the data sources and cost-effectiveness thresholds used to estimate global restoration potential through 2050.