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This technical report, produced by the FAO, SEI, TNC, and CI, synthesizes scientific evidence on how forests and trees provide essential ecosystem services—including climate regulation, water availability, and pollination—that enhance agricultural productivity and resilience.

This report examines a toolkit of regulatory and economic policy instruments used to curb deforestation and promote forest restoration in tropical regions. It analyzes the effectiveness of command-and-control measures, financial incentives, and the critical role of land tenure security, while highlighting how political cycles and electoral incentives create risks for long-term conservation success.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes policy measures used by Costa Rica, Gabon, Indonesia, Peru, and Rwanda to combat deforestation and explores how voluntary sustainability standards (VSSs) can complement these government efforts.

This case study describes how the World Resources Institute (WRI) utilized the Forest Watcher app, biogeographical research, and community engagement to reduce deforestation and secure international protection for forests in Madagascar.

This case study describes a community-led initiative in Kumbi Kebele, Ethiopia, where women formed the Biftu Beri village savings and loan association (VSLA) to combat climate change impacts. Supported by the NGO Farm Africa, the group integrates forest conservation, indigenous tree planting, and agroforestry with a micro-finance model to improve household livelihoods and environmental resilience.

The Stakeholder Toolkit, updated in March 2023 by the Forest Declaration Assessment, is a curated directory of resources, training modules, and organizational platforms designed to support Indigenous Peoples, Local Communities, and those working with them in the context of forest protection and climate governance.

The 2023 Forest Declaration Assessment provides recommendations for governments, companies, and financial institutions to shift the global forest trajectory toward the 2030 forest goals. It emphasizes the need for a radical transformation of economic models, increased data transparency, the redirection of finance from harmful to protective activities, and the adoption of rights-based governance that prioritizes Indigenous Peoples and local communities.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon biome from 2012 to 2021, categorizing forest loss by land tenure to identify priority areas for federal and state government intervention.

This research paper by Sisi Tang explores how China can transition its economic relationship with Latin America from expansion to sustainable development. The author proposes three specific mechanisms to enhance climate action: the implementation of clean energy crediting mechanisms, the use of debt-for-climate swaps, and the negotiation of 'greener' free trade agreements (FTAs).

A report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzing Bill (PL) No. 2374/2020, which proposes extending the amnesty period for illegal deforestation of Legal Reserve areas in Brazil from July 2008 to May 2012.

This factsheet by Natural Justice examines the Forest Conservation and Management (Amendment) Bill, 2021, which proposes to repeal section 34(2A) of the Forest Conservation and Management Act 2016. The proposed change would remove the requirement for the Kenya Forest Service (KFS) to recommend petitions for the variation of public forest boundaries before they are forwarded to the National Assembly.

This policy brief summarizes a March 24, 2021 webinar regarding the use of international trade policy, specifically voluntary sustainability standards (VSSs) and free trade agreement provisions, to reduce deforestation and preserve forest ecosystems.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative evaluates the effectiveness of public policies used to combat deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, consolidating academic evidence to propose a strengthened policy framework for forest protection and sustainable development.

The World Resources Institute (WRI) filed a Form 990 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2020, reporting total revenue of $233,076,503 and total expenses of $134,311,980. The organization focuses on global challenges including climate, energy, food, forests, water, ocean, and cities, operating through regional hubs and specialized centers of excellence.

A research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute reviewing the water-forest-energy-food (WFEF) security nexus in East Africa, highlighting critical data gaps and the need for integrated monitoring systems to address resource scarcity and climate change.

This 2021 report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) provides a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.651/2012) across Brazilian states. It focuses on the progress of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA), identifying significant bottlenecks in the analysis and validation of registries and the low rate of producer adherence to regularization programs. The report highlights disparities between states, noting that while registration is advanced nationwide, the transition to actual environmental recovery remains a major challenge.

The November 2020 Goal 6 assessment by the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF) evaluates the integration of forest conservation and restoration targets into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While the report concludes that Goal 6 has been met through the adoption of SDG 15, it identifies significant gaps in how these targets are interpreted, measured, and reported by national governments and corporations.

This policy brief examines how environmental changes and policy interventions, such as hydropower projects and forest conservation, impact natural resource access and livelihoods for ethnic minorities in north-eastern Vietnam, specifically within the Dong Phuc commune.

This document consists of formal submissions by Natural Justice to the Kenyan Ministry of Environment and Forestry regarding the Draft Forest Policy 2020. The submissions argue for a shift away from 'fortress conservation' and the current Community Forest Association (CFA) model toward a human-rights-based approach that recognizes the ancestral rights and conservation roles of indigenous and local communities.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the impacts of rural credit on agricultural production and land use in Brazil from 2002 to 2017. The analysis reveals that while rural credit generally increases productivity, its environmental impact varies significantly by producer size: credit for small farmers tends to reduce deforestation pressures by intensifying production, whereas credit for large producers is associated with increased land expansion and deforestation.