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This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the urgent need for reform within the World Trade Organization (WTO). It identifies systemic failures in the organization's negotiating function, dispute settlement system, and transparency mechanisms, while detailing the conflicting priorities of major member blocs and the potential pathways for institutional reform.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the paradox of the Legal Amazon, a region that generates over 25% of Brazil's electricity via large hydroelectric plants but where millions of residents remain disconnected from the National Interconnected System (SIN). These populations rely on expensive, polluting diesel-powered isolated systems or lack reliable electricity entirely, a situation linked to poor socioeconomic indicators and inefficient auction models for energy supply.

This guide by RMI outlines five strategic steps for electric utilities to implement authentic community engagement to ensure an equitable clean energy transition, particularly in US states where legislation mandates equitable decarbonization.

This report describes the methodology used by Ember to measure the impact of energy policy changes announced by national governments between 2020 and 2022, focusing on the transition from fossil fuels to renewables and clean energy.

This report by the Climate Bonds Initiative provides an overview of the global sustainable bond market in the first quarter of 2022, noting that cumulative issuance of GSS+ bonds surpassed $3 trillion despite a quarterly decline in issuance volume due to market volatility, rising interest rates, and the Russia-Ukraine war.

This report analyzes the socio-environmental impacts of logistics infrastructure in the Legal Amazon, Brazil, noting that such projects often drive deforestation and carbon emissions while providing limited local benefit. It proposes replacing inconsistent geographic-based 'area of influence' delimitations with a 'market access approach' based on transportation costs and market size. Using the BR-319 highway as a case study, the report demonstrates how this approach identifies a much larger area of risk, including numerous indigenous territories and conservation units, and recommends that the Ministry of Infrastructure integrate these assessments into the earliest stages of project planning.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative argues that expanding phone and high-speed internet services in the Legal Amazon can reduce regional isolation and boost the economy without the socio-environmental risks associated with traditional logistics infrastructure like roads.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative highlights a critical gap in the Brazilian Amazon, specifically in the state of Pará, where infrastructure planning prioritizes large-scale logistics projects (roads, railroads, ports) over basic local services. Using high-resolution data, the study finds extreme deficiencies in sanitation—with 69% of households disposing of sewage improperly—and significant inequalities in access to health care, education, and 4G connectivity, particularly in rural areas and the surroundings of large projects like BR-230. The authors recommend utilizing compensation payments from large-scale projects to fund essential local infrastructure.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the energy paradox in the Brazilian Legal Amazon, where the region hosts some of the country's largest hydroelectric plants yet millions of residents rely on expensive, polluting diesel-based isolated systems or lack electricity entirely. The document analyzes the socio-economic disparities between connected and isolated municipalities, the financial burden of fuel subsidies, and the barriers to transitioning toward renewable energy sources.

This policy brief by Energy Innovation argues that floating offshore wind is a critical, untapped resource for decarbonizing the Western United States. While the U.S. currently lags behind other nations in offshore wind capacity, the authors contend that scaling this technology can diversify energy resources, reduce land-use conflicts, and provide reliable power during peak evening demand. The document outlines the economic potential for job creation and port revitalization, specifically highlighting projects in California, and provides policy recommendations for federal tax credits, infrastructure investment, and transmission planning to achieve net-zero emissions by midcentury.

The Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) established a policy on gender, equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in June 2022 to integrate these considerations into its scientific projects and capacity-building activities. The policy aims to increase the participation of underrepresented groups—including women, indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities, racialized groups, and LGBTQ+ individuals—to improve the quality of regional science and public policy regarding global change.

This policy brief examines the limited participation of African nations in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) on e-commerce. It analyzes the tension between the plurilateral JSI approach and the multilateral Work Programme on Electronic Commerce, highlighting the digital divide and capacity constraints facing African states. The author argues that African countries should engage with the JSI to protect their developmental interests and prepare for the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) e-commerce protocol.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute uses Sweden as a case study to examine equity in electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. It argues that focusing solely on public charging as a metric for success is contradictory, as private charging is the dominant strategy for cost and grid flexibility. The analysis reveals a correlation between higher disposable income and higher private charger density, particularly in urban areas, while car density is higher in regions where charger access remains low. The authors recommend systematic data collection at the postcode level to identify and address structural inequalities in infrastructure deployment.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the potential impacts of Sweden's goal to reach net-zero emissions by 2045 on individual consumption in the transport and food sectors. The authors identify significant gaps in current policy visions, particularly regarding the needs of rural populations in the transport transition and the lack of specific consumption targets in the food sector.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes energy support measures in India from FY 2014 to FY 2021, focusing on subsidies, public utility investments, and public finance lending to assess alignment with the country's 2070 net-zero goal.

This policy brief examines the deployment and regulation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Africa, highlighting the tension between the dominance of foreign Big Tech companies and the need for local AI capacities that align with national development priorities. It analyzes risks associated with biometric identification, the gig economy, and 'click work,' while reviewing emerging national AI strategies in countries like Egypt, Mauritius, and Rwanda. The document argues that for AI to benefit local economies, African states must prioritize inclusive digital infrastructure, data governance, and the protection of human rights, while cautioning that regulatory frameworks from the EU (such as the AI Act and GDPR) may not fully address the structural and socio-economic realities of the African context.

This policy brief examines the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in Africa, highlighting the tension between the potential for socio-economic growth and the risks posed by foreign technology monopolies, precarious digital labour, and human rights violations. It analyzes emerging national AI strategies in countries like Egypt, Mauritius, and Rwanda, while arguing that African policymakers must prioritize local capacity, inclusive infrastructure, and gender-sensitive labour protections to ensure AI serves national developmental priorities rather than external interests.

A fact sheet by the NewClimate Institute arguing that natural gas cannot sustainably meet Africa's energy demands and that the continent should instead transition to renewable energy to avoid stranded assets and economic risks.

This policy brief by RMI argues that low-carbon fuels—specifically green hydrogen, biomethane, and synthetic methane—are impractical for heating buildings in New York State. The document contends that these alternatives are energy-inefficient compared to heat pumps, require costly and risky infrastructure upgrades, pose health hazards, and divert critical resources away from energy efficiency and electrification goals mandated by the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA).

This briefing from the International Institute for Sustainable Development outlines the necessity of clean electrification across Canada's building, industrial, and transportation sectors to achieve net-zero emissions targets by 2050.