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This policy briefing examines the rapid expansion of economic and political ties between Chad and China since 2006, centered primarily on oil investment and the Rônier project. It analyzes how President Idriss Déby has integrated Chinese assistance into his domestic political strategy and the resulting tensions over oil pricing and regional security.

This report evaluates the feasibility, costs, and environmental impacts of transitioning the Tallinn Bus Company fleet to alternative fuels—specifically biodiesel, bioethanol, and hybrid technologies—to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.

The Barbados Declaration, issued on May 8, 2012, by the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), outlines the challenges and commitments of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in transitioning from fossil fuel dependency to sustainable, renewable energy to ensure economic resilience and climate survival.

This report and accompanying analysis from the International Institute for Sustainable Development outline the fiscal burden of fuel subsidies in Indonesia, the government's reform efforts to reduce gasoline and kerosene subsidies, and the potential for transitioning to electric induction cooking to reduce LPG subsidy costs.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute uses a qualitative 'generative' methodology to examine household energy decision-making in four villages in Haryana State, India. The study identifies that the failure of improved cookstove initiatives often stems from a lack of attention to user needs and cultural contexts, such as the preference for specific fuel combinations and the traditional method of baking roti.

This book chapter analyzes the California Zero Emissions Vehicle (ZEV) mandate and its influence on the innovation and deployment of low-emission, hybrid, and zero-emission vehicle technologies in the United States using the Technology Innovation System (TIS) framework.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law and Oxfam examines the role of Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) and the systemic risks associated with their lending through Financial Intermediaries (FIs) rather than direct project investment.

This policy brief analyzes the impact of biofuel consumption mandates in the United States and the European Union on global food commodity prices, examining the 'food versus fuel' debate and proposing mechanisms to mitigate price volatility.

This report evaluates the implementation and outcomes of Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan) and Productive Sanitation (AP) projects in Niger between 2002 and 2010. It assesses the technical, social, agronomical, and sanitary impacts of using hygienized human excreta as fertilizer to improve agricultural productivity and public health in rural communities.

The Green Economy Coalition provides a statement on the UN Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) initiative, supporting its goals but arguing for greater ambition and a stronger focus on energy equity and poverty reduction. The document emphasizes that universal energy access is essential for sustainable development and suggests that success should be measured by development benefits rather than technical metrics.

This report investigates the damage caused by hydrogen fluoride emissions from traditional Bull’s Trench brick kilns to fruit trees and farmer livelihoods in Peshawar, Pakistan, as part of a broader trend of peri-urban brick production in south and south-east Asia.

This report summarizes a side event held on March 26, 2012, organized by the 'Friends of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform' to build consensus on reforming fossil-fuel subsidies ahead of the Rio+20 summit. The event featured perspectives from the IMF, the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), and representatives from Ethiopia, Costa Rica, and Sweden, focusing on the fiscal, environmental, and social implications of subsidy removal.

This research paper examines the global significance of Rare Earth Elements (REEs), China's dominant market position and strategic export restrictions, and South Africa's role in establishing non-Chinese supply chains through specific mining projects.

This research paper outlines the necessity of a fundamental transformation of the global energy system to address interconnected challenges including high consumption, lack of energy access, climate change, air pollution, and energy security.

This seminar report, compiled by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) and the Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE), documents a March 2012 meeting in Kampala, Uganda. The event brought together 44 delegates to discuss the governance of Africa's natural resources, focusing on oil, mining, and renewable resources (land, forestry, and fisheries). The report highlights the tension between the potential for wealth generation and the risks of corruption, conflict, and 'elite capture', while emphasizing the need for transparency, local community inclusion, and African-led research and policy solutions.

This report, produced by the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) for PG&E, examines the impact of distributed energy resources (DERs) and Zero Net Energy (ZNE) buildings on California's electricity system. It identifies misalignments between current utility business models and the shift toward decentralized generation, proposing a transition toward new pricing structures and regulatory frameworks to ensure grid stability and cost equity.

This research paper by Trudi Hartzenberg for the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) examines the intersection of trade, investment, and competition policy in South Africa. It analyzes how South Africa balances the need for foreign direct investment (FDI) and global trade integration with domestic development goals, particularly employment creation. The paper details the evolution of South Africa's competition regime, the role of the Competition Act of 1998, and the complexities of managing cross-border mergers, using the Walmart-Massmart transaction as a primary case study.

This policy briefing examines the evolution of South–South co-operation (SSC) and the shifting landscape of global development effectiveness. It argues that while the rise of emerging powers provides African nations with more diverse options and reduced dependence on Western donors, these new partners primarily pursue their own national interests. The author recommends that African states, regional bodies, and the African Union proactively develop codes of conduct, enhance negotiating capacity, and insist on transparency and accountability to ensure SSC aligns with national and regional development priorities.

The Environmental and Energy Study Institute argues for the accelerated market entry of E15 ethanol blends to combat rising gasoline prices and address a domestic ethanol glut.

The report analyzes the failures of 'first wave' environmentalism surrounding the 1987 Bruntland Report and the 1992 Rio Earth Summit to provide lessons for 'second wave' environmentalism in 2012. It evaluates the High Level Panel on Global Sustainability's efforts to address these errors through a focus on relative urgency, a narrative on green growth, and engagement with mainstream economic planning.