Technology Innovation and Policy: A Case Study of the California ZEV Mandate

The document examines California's Low Emissions Vehicle (LEV) and Clean Fuels regulation, specifically the ZEV mandate, using the Technology Innovation System (TIS) framework. It details how the mandate evolved from a strict requirement for pure electric vehicles to a more flexible approach that supported the development of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (PHEV), and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs).

• The California ZEV mandate was originally a requirement for the auto industry to produce a specific volume of pure electric vehicles, but it was later modified to reflect the evolving status of zero-emission and low-emission technology development.
• The ZEV mandate contributed to the development and deployment of three specific vehicle technologies: Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (PHEV), and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs).

APA

Stockholm Environment Institute (2012). Technology Innovation and Policy: A Case Study of the California ZEV Mandate. https://www.sei.org/publications/technology-innovation-and-policy-a-case-study-of-the-california-zev-mandate/

Chicago

Stockholm Environment Institute. Technology Innovation and Policy: A Case Study of the California ZEV Mandate. 2012. https://www.sei.org/publications/technology-innovation-and-policy-a-case-study-of-the-california-zev-mandate/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Stockholm Environment Institute |title=Technology Innovation and Policy: A Case Study of the California ZEV Mandate |date=18 April 2012 |url=https://www.sei.org/publications/technology-innovation-and-policy-a-case-study-of-the-california-zev-mandate/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{stockholmenvironmentinstitute2012technology, author = {{Stockholm Environment Institute}}, title = {{Technology Innovation and Policy: A Case Study of the California ZEV Mandate}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2012}, month = apr, url = {https://www.sei.org/publications/technology-innovation-and-policy-a-case-study-of-the-california-zev-mandate/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }