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This research paper examines the potential for triangular cooperation between the European Union (EU), Indonesia, and African nations in the critical raw materials (CRM) sector. It argues that while the EU and Indonesia currently employ different partnership models in Africa—the EU focusing on supply chain integration and ESG standards, and Indonesia focusing on downstream industrialisation and South-South cooperation—these differences are complementary. The authors propose a framework where EU financial instruments and ESG expertise combine with Indonesia's technical experience in mineral processing to support African goals of local value addition and industrialisation, thereby reducing all parties' dependence on China.

The report analyzes the challenges and institutional developments facing Africa's green technology transition in 2025. It highlights the impact of tightening global trade rules, such as the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and the uncertainty surrounding the US African Growth and Opportunity Act, alongside the withdrawal of the US from the Paris Agreement. The document details continental efforts to mobilize climate finance, integrate regional power markets, and adopt AI for climate action, while emphasizing the need for affordable decarbonization finance to prevent the marginalization of smaller African firms.

The report analyzes the state of Africa's green technology transition in 2025, highlighting the tension between increasing technology affordability and tightening global trade and regulatory frameworks. It details the impact of US trade policy shifts, the upcoming EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, and continental efforts to mobilize climate finance and integrate energy markets.

This report by the Africa Policy Research Institute examines the role of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in accelerating the transfer and adoption of green technologies (greentech) across Africa. It argues that while patents are often prohibitively expensive for local innovators, non-patent IPR—such as utility models, trademarks, and geographical indications—can drive incremental innovation and job creation. The document analyzes the IPR landscapes of Kenya, Ghana, and Nigeria, highlighting the gap between high-level regional strategies (like AfCFTA and the AU Green Recovery Action Plan) and the practical, detailed IPR mechanisms needed to scale green businesses.

This research paper examines how the trade war between the US and China, alongside President Trump's critical mineral diplomacy, creates a strategic window for African nations to transition from raw material exporters to green technology manufacturing hubs. It argues that countries rich in minerals like cobalt and lithium can leverage geopolitical competition to secure technology transfer, domestic value addition, and diversified investment portfolios.

This research paper by Ranja Sengupta analyzes the role and impact of agricultural subsidies in India, specifically focusing on price support and input subsidies. It argues that while these mechanisms face criticism for inefficiency and environmental impact, they remain essential for rural livelihoods, food security, and protecting small farmers against global market volatility and the effects of developed nations' agricultural subsidies.

This research paper by the Africa Policy Research Institute examines how green technologies in renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, waste management, and green construction can address youth unemployment in Africa. It identifies significant job creation potential but highlights critical barriers including financing gaps, infrastructure deficits, and policy implementation failures.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics argues that maintaining climate policy continuity in the EU can enhance energy security, reduce costs for citizens, increase global competitiveness, and create employment opportunities, provided it is paired with robust social policies.

This scoping report by the Africa Policy Research Institute examines the intersection of green technology and youth employment in Africa. It identifies a significant gap between the potential for job creation in green technology and the current design of major funding programmes, while highlighting opportunities in ICTs, indigenous knowledge, and local manufacturing.

This guide outlines the application process for businesses seeking to invest in the Atlantis Special Economic Zone (ASEZ), emphasizing a requirement for 'greentech' ventures and a multi-agency evaluation process.

This research paper argues that green industrial policy should focus on 'rent management' rather than the avoidance of rent creation. The authors contend that creating rents (extra profits) is necessary to attract investment into risky green technologies where markets fail, and that the primary challenge is defining the correct amount of profit to offer and knowing when to withdraw it as markets mature.

This research paper examines the global significance of Rare Earth Elements (REEs), China's dominant market position and strategic export restrictions, and South Africa's role in establishing non-Chinese supply chains through specific mining projects.

This policy briefing examines the trend of trade protectionism and 'bail-out' subsidies following the global economic recession, specifically analyzing whether South Africa's industrial support measures comply with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM).

The Atlantis Greentech Special Economic Zone (ASEZ) is a proposed industrial hub in Atlantis, South Africa, designed to attract green technology and renewable energy manufacturing. Established as a hub in 2011, it already hosts investors like Gestamp Renewable Industries and Resolux. The zone offers significant incentives, including a 15% preferential corporate tax, municipal electricity subsidies, and fast-tracked development approvals, leveraging its proximity to Cape Town and Saldanha port.

This case study by GreenCape examines the water stewardship and resilience strategies implemented by PepsiCo, focusing on its manufacturing facility in Parow, Cape Town. The document details how the company combines site-specific technological investments, such as advanced potato peeling equipment, with catchment-level initiatives and community water access projects to achieve its goal of becoming Net Water Positive by 2030.

This case study examines how Mediclinic Southern Africa (MCSA) implemented water-saving technologies, specifically laundry wastewater recycling plants, across its hospitals to ensure operational continuity amidst water scarcity.

The Green Economy Strategy Framework by GreenCape outlines goals to establish the Western Cape as a leading green economic hub in Africa and the lowest carbon province, focusing on renewable energy, resource efficiency, and green technology investment.

This case study examines the use of green technology and indoor vertical farming for urban food production in Cape Town, focusing on the operations of Mushroom Guru (Pty) Ltd.

This case study by GreenCape examines how the Victoria & Alfred (V&A) Waterfront in Cape Town built water resilience over a ten-year period through a phased investment in green technologies and behavioral changes. By following a systematic 'Water Resilience Journey'—moving from low-cost efficiency measures to complex alternative water sources—the V&A reduced its annual water consumption by approximately 65% despite expanding its development.

This research paper examines the critical role of financial resources and technological transfer in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement. It traces the evolution of international development policy from the 1972 Stockholm Conference to current frameworks like the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, highlighting a persistent funding gap and a digital divide that hinder progress in developing nations.