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The document outlines a research project conducted via two national telephone surveys in September 2007 to assess American public support for local government actions to mitigate global warming. It argues that local governments are critical players in reducing greenhouse gas emissions because urban areas are the primary sources of these gases and local authorities control key levers such as building codes, zoning, transportation, and electricity production.

The report assesses how the EU ETS affects industrial competitiveness, identifying that while most sectors can profit in the short term through free allowances and cost pass-through, a small number of carbon-intensive subsectors face significant risks. Using UK and German data, the authors develop 'Value at Stake' indicators to screen for exposed activities. The analysis concludes that leakage concerns are concentrated in a few subsectors, particularly cement and blast furnace steel, where high direct emissions and international tradeability create vulnerability. The report argues that free allocation can mitigate these risks but may create perverse incentives, suggesting that targeted policies or harmonized allocation across EU Member States are necessary to maintain economic performance while achieving emission reductions.

Concentrating solar power (CSP) uses mirrors to focus sunlight to generate electricity, offering the lowest cost among solar technologies at $0.09 to $0.12 per kWh for plants over 10 MW. The document details three primary technologies: trough systems, power tower systems, and dish systems, noting that trough and tower systems can store heat for use after dark. While the US has significant potential—specifically in the Southwest—high capital costs and the requirement for direct sunlight remain primary challenges. The US Department of Energy projects costs could drop to $0.04 to $0.05 per kWh in the coming decades.

The LEAP system is a computer-based simulation tool for energy policy analysis. It uses a modular structure consisting of Energy Scenario programs (Demand, Transformation, Biomass, Environment, and Evaluation), an Aggregation program for multi-spatial planning, and an Environmental Data Base (EDB) for emission coefficients. The system allows users to create a 'base case' and develop alternative policy scenarios to assess physical, economic, and environmental impacts.

The paper asserts that most global warming can be abated at negative net cost by replacing inefficient resource use with advanced technologies in energy, farming, and forestry. It details specific potentials for saving electricity and oil, argues for a 'best buys first' investment strategy to avoid opportunity costs, and proposes market-based implementation techniques such as 'feebates' and 'negawatts'. The authors emphasize that these measures support global equity and development, particularly in the USSR and developing nations, while providing significant co-benefits in environmental protection and security.

The document highlights that just 1% of Austria's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 31 GW of capacity, exceeding the country's 2021 electricity demand and potentially replacing all fossil fuel and electricity imports.

The document highlights that just 1% of Colombia's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 207 GW of capacity, generating over 1,721,577 GWh of electricity. This amount is significantly higher than Colombia's 2021 electricity consumption of 84,425 GWh and its projected 2050 demand of 280,338 GWh. Utilizing this resource could theoretically replace all coal and gas in the country's electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 13 megatonnes of CO2eq, which represents 8% of Colombia's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goal. The technology is described as having a very low land footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and providing reliable 24/7 power that reduces the need for excess transmission and backup generation.

The document highlights that just 1% of Iraq's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 39 GW of energy capacity, exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption by four times. It argues that this resource could replace all gas and electricity imports, reduce carbon emissions by approximately 54 megatonnes, and leverage existing oil and gas subsurface expertise for a zero-carbon transition.

The document highlights that just 1% of Japan's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 700 GW of energy capacity, potentially replacing all coal and gas used for electricity production and meeting projected 2050 electricity demand. It argues that this technology offers a low-land-footprint, firm power alternative to fossil fuel imports from Australia and Malaysia, though it is unlikely to reach commercial scale by 2030.

The document highlights that just 1% of Kazakhstan's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 257 GW of energy capacity, generating over 2,136,401 GWh of electricity. This amount is 19 times the country's 2021 electricity consumption and could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production. The technology is described as a land-efficient, 24/7 renewable energy source that could leverage Kazakhstan's existing oil and gas subsurface expertise for a zero-carbon transition.

The document highlights that just 1% of Malaysia's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 516 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 179,977 GWh. While not expected to reach commercial scale by 2030, the technology offers a path to replace fossil fuel imports—specifically 90% of coal and 20% of natural gas—and requires significantly less land (12 km² per 1 GW) than solar, wind, or biomass.

The document highlights that just 1% of New Zealand's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 72 GW of capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 44,606 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all coal, oil, and gas used for electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 6 megatonnes of CO2eq and enhancing energy security by replacing coal imports, primarily from Indonesia. Additionally, superhot rock geothermal is noted for its low land footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and its ability to leverage New Zealand's existing conventional geothermal expertise.

The document highlights that just 1% of Oman's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 121 GW of capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 41,275 GWh. It argues that this technology could replace fossil fuel power generation, reduce electricity sector emissions by approximately 16 megatonnes of CO2eq, and leverage existing oil and gas subsurface expertise for a just transition.

The document highlights that just 1% of Serbia's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 23 GW of energy capacity, generating over 195,481 GWh of electricity. This amount is five times the country's 2021 electricity consumption and could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 30 megatonnes of CO2eq. Such a transition would enhance energy security by reducing dependence on imports of coal (10%), natural gas (79%), and electricity (18%). Additionally, superhot rock geothermal is noted for its low land footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and its ability to provide reliable 24/7 power to the grid.

This document is an Atmospheric Emission Licence (AEL) issued by the Nkangala District Municipality to Eskom Holdings SOC Limited for the Hendrina Power Station. The licence, varied on 31 March 2016, sets out the legal conditions, emission limits, and monitoring requirements for the station's operations under the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004.

This document is an Atmospheric Emission Licence (AEL) variation issued by the Nkangala District Municipality to Eskom Holdings SOC Limited for the Komati Power Station. The licence, valid until 31 March 2019, regulates emissions from electricity generation activities, specifying maximum release rates for pollutants, monitoring requirements, and mitigation measures for fugitive emissions.

The National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA) responded to a request from the Centre for Environmental Rights regarding the Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity, 2019. NERSA argues that its role in the development of the plan is limited to consultation with the Minister of Energy, which does not constitute an administrative action requiring separate public consultation.

This document is an Atmospheric Emission Licence (AEL) issued on 23 June 2015 by the Gert Sibande District Municipality to Eskom Holdings SOC Limited for the Majuba Power Station. The licence, granted under the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004, serves as a provisional transfer from an APPA registration certificate to an AEL and is valid for a period not exceeding 12 months.

The report details a bottom-up integrated model developed in Analytica to project greenhouse gas emissions in South Africa to 2050. It incorporates a Mitigation Potential Analysis (MPA), GHG emission pathways, and a socio-economic model linked via a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). The model assesses various sectors—including energy, industry, transport, waste, and AFOLU—applying specific mitigation measures and policies such as the Carbon Tax Act of 2019 and the IRP 2023. It provides a framework for evaluating the socio-economic impacts of decarbonisation pathways on employment, output, and household consumption across different income deciles.

The Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP) and ClientEarth contend that the UK government (DECC), National Grid, and Ofgem have underestimated available resources, leading to an exaggerated resource adequacy problem. They argue that treating interconnectors as generation would add at least 2.6 GW of capacity and that conventional generation availability is likely in the mid to low 90% range. Consequently, the authors claim the market-wide capacity mechanism is unnecessary, risks over-procuring national resources, undermines EU interconnectivity goals, and may not comply with state aid requirements of necessity and proportionality.