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This working paper by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) examines the challenges and opportunities in financing Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in developing countries. It identifies a significant gap between the demand for NAMA financing and the available supply of dedicated funds, while highlighting barriers such as narrow donor focus, lack of financial planning expertise, and misalignment with multilateral development banks. The paper suggests that integrating NAMA pipelines with the Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a critical path forward for scaling up mitigation finance.

This report evaluates the role of the Climate Investment Funds (CIF) in the current climate finance landscape. It finds that the CIF provides a unique comparative advantage through its programmatic approach, high risk appetite for novel technologies, and strong partnership with Multilateral Development Banks. Despite the emergence of the Green Climate Fund, the report recommends maintaining the CIF to bridge investment gaps and maintain momentum for transformative climate activities in developing countries.

This research paper provides a set of specific actions for Chinese policymakers to implement instruments and incentives for green bonds, with a primary focus on developing a green securitisation market capable of accessing international capital.

This report examines how the Green Climate Fund (GCF) can better support urban areas in achieving a paradigm shift toward low-emission and climate-resilient development. It identifies significant barriers facing cities—particularly in the developing world—including limited technical capacity, restricted access to international finance, and high fiduciary requirements. The authors propose three primary access modalities for GCF funding: utilizing unconventional implementing entities, accrediting cities as implementing entities themselves, and employing an Enhanced Direct Access (EDA) approach, potentially through a National City Facility.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the role of payment security mechanisms in mitigating off-taker risk to attract foreign investment for India's renewable energy targets. It argues that current mechanisms are inadequate and lack transparency, and proposes a framework for the Indian government to better demonstrate risk coverage to investors.

This technical paper examines off-taker risk in India's renewable energy sector, specifically the risk that public sector distribution companies (DISCOMs) will fail to make timely payments. The authors propose a transparent methodological framework for government-sponsored payment security mechanisms (PSMs) to attract foreign investment, arguing that existing mechanisms lack transparency and adequate risk coverage.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the relationship between policy frameworks and investment in Germany's renewable energy sector. It evaluates the availability of capital, the cost-effectiveness of different investor mixes, and the impact of specific policy mechanisms—such as incentive auctions and curtailment rules—on the deployment of solar PV, onshore wind, and offshore wind capacity.

A statement from 231 organisations urging the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) to reject financing for the Batang coal-fired power plant in Central Java, Indonesia, citing human rights violations and climate impacts.

This briefing paper by the NewClimate Institute analyzes the conditionality of the 156 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted to the UNFCCC by the end of COP 21 in December 2015.

Dr. Daniel A. Reifsnyder, former Co-Chair of the Ad Hoc Group on the Durban Platform (ADP), describes the negotiating process and key features of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. He details the transition from the 2012 Durban decision to the final adoption of the agreement on December 12, 2015, emphasizing the importance of a "Party-driven" process and the role of the October 5 non-paper as a template for the final deal.

This research paper evaluates the role and effectiveness of international development partners in financing climate mitigation and adaptation within Indonesia's land use sectors. It analyzes finance flows from 2011, identifying a heavy reliance on grants and a focus on capacity building, while noting that international contributions are significantly smaller than domestic funding.

A summary of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the San Giorgio Group (SGG), held in February 2016, which focused on transitioning from climate diplomacy to the implementation of green, low-emissions finance following the Paris Agreement.

This policy brief details the Obama Administration's fiscal year (FY) 2017 federal budget proposal, focusing on investments in clean energy, sustainable transportation, energy-efficient buildings, and climate action. The proposal emphasizes doubling clean energy research and development by 2021 and introduces a crude oil tax to fund transportation sustainability.

This report examines the business case for the private sector in Bangladesh to invest in climate change adaptation and mitigation, specifically focusing on how to access the Green Climate Fund (GCF). It identifies significant market opportunities in energy, agriculture, insurance, and financial services, while highlighting systemic barriers such as information gaps and lack of concessional finance.

This reference manual, published by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) in 2016, provides a detailed framework for countries to plan the implementation of their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. It is structured into five core modules: governance, mitigation, adaptation, finance, and measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV). The guide offers a step-by-step approach to identifying institutional gaps, designing policies, mobilizing funding, and establishing tracking systems, supplemented by international case studies to illustrate best practices in climate action planning.

This policy brief examines the role of the private sector in Climate Compatible Development (CCD) in Bangladesh, identifying barriers to engagement and the potential for the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to unlock private investment in adaptation and mitigation.

The 'GREEN FINANCE: GREEN BOND DIRECTIONS COP22 Highlights' report by the Climate Bonds Initiative details the rapid growth of the green bond market in 2016, emphasizing its role in funding climate mitigation and adaptation to meet Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It highlights the shift toward private sector issuance, the emergence of China as a dominant market, and the necessity of reaching USD 1 trillion in annual issuance by 2020 to substantively address climate change.

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development reviews the current and planned climate change adaptation actions in Tanzania. It analyzes the country's vulnerability, particularly its reliance on climate-sensitive livelihoods and high poverty levels, and evaluates the national policy framework, institutional governance, and the landscape of adaptation projects and climate finance.

This research paper reviews the current and planned climate change adaptation actions in Uganda. It analyzes the country's vulnerability, particularly in semi-arid regions and the 'cattle corridor,' and evaluates the national policy framework, including the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP) and National Development Plans. The report identifies a concentration of adaptation projects in the agriculture and water sectors, while noting significant gaps in the health, forestry, and fisheries sectors. It also examines the flow of international climate finance and the role of civil society networks in fostering resilience.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the 'enhanced transparency framework' established under Article 13 of the Paris Agreement. It identifies critical gaps in the framework's design, specifically regarding 'built-in flexibility' for developing countries, the tracking of climate finance, and the alignment of nationally determined contributions (NDCs) with reporting requirements. The document provides recommendations for the COP22 conference to establish a roadmap for a fully operational framework by 2018 to ensure data is available for the 2023 global stocktake.