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This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative and SITAWI examines the potential for green bonds to finance sustainable agriculture in Brazil. While Brazil is a global agricultural powerhouse with established government credit programs, green bond issuance in the land-use sector has been dominated by the forestry industry. The document identifies barriers for small producers and suggests that securitization of agricultural receivables (CRAs) and bank-led green bonds could expand financing for eco-efficiency, soil health, and sustainable crop production.

This handbook by the Climate Bonds Initiative provides a comprehensive guide for foreign entities wishing to issue green panda bonds in mainland China. It details the regulatory landscape, the definition of green panda bonds, the step-by-step issuance process, and the specific requirements for both panda bonds and green bonds within the Chinese market.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) provides updated estimates of global climate finance flows for 2015 and 2016, incorporating new data on electric vehicle sales and national development finance institutions. It analyzes the distribution of these flows by actor, sector, and region, while discussing the challenges of tracking adaptation and energy efficiency investments and the operationalization of Article 2.1(c) of the Paris Agreement.

The 'People Power Now!' Energy Manifesto, published by Friends of the Earth International in November 2018, calls for a systemic overhaul of the global energy system to achieve climate justice and energy sovereignty. The document argues that the current economic model, driven by corporate profit and the commodification of nature, is unsustainable and must be replaced by a people-centered system based on 100% renewable energy, energy sufficiency, and social equity.

This research paper provides recommendations for the negotiations at COP 24 in Katowice, Poland, regarding the operating modalities, governance, and financial mobilization of the Adaptation Fund to ensure its effectiveness under the Paris Agreement.

A World Resources Institute briefing outlining five critical issues for the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board to address at its final 2018 meeting in Bahrain to restore confidence and ensure effective climate finance delivery.

This working paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the global climate finance landscape, focusing on the coordination challenges arising from diverse funding sources and implementation channels at both global and national levels.

This case study, produced for the U.S. – India Catalytic Solar Finance Program (USICSF), analyzes barriers to scaling rooftop solar in India's Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector. It proposes a Credit Guarantee Mechanism (CGM) to mitigate risks of payment delay and default, thereby unlocking debt financing for Renewable Energy Service Companies (RESCOs) serving low-rated or unrated MSMEs.

This research paper examines the financing challenges and opportunities for the low-carbon transition of the refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) sector, focusing on the sector's cross-sectoral nature and the various sources of finance available to reduce direct and indirect emissions.

The Centre for Environmental Rights (CER), writing on behalf of the Life After Coal Campaign, urges FirstRand Bank to withdraw financial support for the proposed Thabametsi coal-fired power plant. The letter argues that the project is economically unnecessary, environmentally damaging, and legally precarious, contradicting the bank's own commitments to a lower-carbon economy.

The Centre for Environmental Rights (CER), writing on behalf of the Life After Coal Campaign, urges Nedbank to withdraw financial support for the Thabametsi and Khanyisa coal-fired power plants. The letter argues that these projects are not 'least-cost' options, face significant legal challenges regarding environmental and generation licenses, and would cause severe health and climate impacts in South Africa.

The Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) employs a rigorous screening methodology to identify eligible green bonds for its database, requiring at least 95% of proceeds to align with the Climate Bonds Taxonomy. The taxonomy spans eight sectors, including energy and transport, while strictly excluding fossil fuel-related assets. Bonds certified under the Climate Bonds Standard are automatically included, and the CBI maintains a dynamic process for the re-classification of bonds based on updated information or evolving scientific criteria.

The Distributed Energy for Social Housing (DESH) instrument is a third-party ownership and rental model designed to provide low-income tenants in Brazil with access to distributed solar energy without upfront costs. By utilizing a dual-class fund structure with a first-loss tranche for concessional capital, DESH aims to overcome barriers such as high interest rates, lack of upfront capital, and perceived credit risk associated with low-income borrowers.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) argues that integrating climate-related risk assessments into the planning of energy infrastructure is essential for safeguarding Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) implementation. It details how physical climate stressors threaten various energy generation sources and provides a framework for building resilience through robustness, resourcefulness, and recovery, while emphasizing that such measures are critical for project bankability and attracting private investment.

This fact sheet examines the role of insurance and alternative risk financing in building financial resilience against climate change. It details the growing 'protection gap'—the difference between total economic losses and insured losses—and explores emerging tools such as catastrophe bonds, microinsurance, and sovereign risk pools designed to manage the increasing frequency and intensity of climate-related disasters.

The Carbon-Free Regions Handbook: Finance is a guide for regional governments on organizing and delivering financial solutions to enable low-carbon transitions. It outlines strategies for increasing capital availability, overcoming up-front costs, creating market incentives, and reducing procurement costs for clean energy assets.

This research paper examines the conditions under which transparency leads to transformative change in environmental governance, specifically analyzing the relationship between transparency, accountability mechanisms, and power structures. Using the case of climate finance under the Paris Agreement, the authors argue that transparency alone is insufficient for an equitable climate policy regime if accountability and compliance are weak.

The Climate Bonds Taxonomy is a science-based guide published by the Climate Bonds Initiative to identify assets and projects compatible with a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy aligned with the Paris Agreement's 2-degree Celsius warming target. It provides a 'traffic light' system to categorize assets as automatically compatible (green), potentially compatible (orange), incompatible (red), or requiring further work (grey), serving as the basis for the Climate Bonds Standard certification process.

The Climate Bonds Initiative's H1 2018 report on the Chinese green bond market details a total issuance of $13.02 billion, with a significant portion aligned with international green definitions. The report highlights the dominance of financial institutions, the growth of offshore issuances, and the prevalence of renewable energy as the primary use of proceeds, while noting discrepancies between domestic and international standards regarding working capital.

The China Green Bond Market Mid-Year Report 2018 by the Climate Bonds Initiative analyzes the performance and alignment of Chinese green bonds from January to June 2018, highlighting a growth in issuance driven by the private sector and a continuing gap between domestic and international green bond definitions.