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Build up Nepal addresses climate vulnerabilities in flood-prone and landslide-risk areas by replacing traditional fired-brick construction with low-carbon, interlocking eco-bricks. This approach reduces CO₂ emissions by 75%, construction costs by 25%, and air pollution by 90% while improving homes' resistance to floods and earthquakes.

The article discusses how taxonomies and the Climate Connectivity Hub enhance the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR) of climate change adaptation data. By organizing information that is typically scattered across various online sites, these tools facilitate a shared understanding of knowledge domains, enabling policymakers and practitioners to build on existing research and speed up the deployment of effective climate resilience actions.

WRI India and the Tamil Nadu government developed a Climate Resilient Village model to address vulnerabilities such as extreme heat, droughts, cyclones, and flooding. The program was scaled across 11 districts, benefiting nearly 2.7 million people through a combination of infrastructure improvements, renewable energy, and waste management. Key interventions included solar panel installations, canal restoration, and the creation of jobs in recycling for marginalized groups. The Tamil Nadu government has since integrated these solutions into its broader state climate and restoration strategies.

As of year-end 2025, the cumulative issuance of GSS+ bonds meeting Climate Bonds Initiative standards reached USD 6.8 trillion. Green bonds remain the dominant segment, surpassing USD 4 trillion in outstanding balance. The report highlights a growing focus on adaptation and resilience (A&R) finance, exemplified by the world's first certified resilience bond issued by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and the development of the Climate Bonds Resilience Taxonomy (CBRT).

As of the end of 2025, the Climate Bonds Initiative recorded a cumulative aligned GSS+ debt volume of USD6.8tn, with annual aligned volume reaching USD1.0tn for the third consecutive year. Green bonds remain the dominant label, accounting for 64% of 2025 aligned volume (USD653.5bn), while sustainability bonds reached a record annual volume of USD217.3bn. Europe leads globally in both annual and cumulative aligned volume, though the USA remains the largest single country source of cumulative aligned volume at USD887.4bn. The report also highlights the launch of the Climate Bonds Resilience Taxonomy (CBRT) to address the funding gap for climate adaptation and resilience, exemplified by the world's first CBRT-certified resilience bond issued by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

The report analyzes inequalities in access to Pronaf credit among Brazilian family farmers, identifying technical assistance (ATER) and cooperatives as key drivers of access. It highlights a stark regional divide, with the South region having significantly higher access than the North and Northeast. The study argues that credit alone is insufficient for climate adaptation and calls for increased investment in ATER, which has seen a downward trend in federal spending, to ensure a just and sustainable agricultural transition.

The document establishes a 'pathways'-based framework to track capital mobilization, distinguishing between direct and indirect flows. It defines mobilization as capital deployed following CPI support to early-stage vehicles and identifies four specific pathways: direct capitalization, vehicle replication, investment unlocked by risk-sharing/asset platforms, and additional capital raised by end investees. The brief also clarifies how this tracking differs from the Global Landscape of Climate Finance (GLCF) by including intermediary capital flows that the GLCF typically excludes.

The document examines how the 2025 ICJ Advisory Opinion shifts climate adaptation from a voluntary domestic policy choice to a legally binding international obligation. It details the procedural and substantive obligations under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement, the application of a 'due diligence' standard to assess state compliance, and the binding requirements for developed countries to provide adaptation finance and support. The brief also highlights the intersection of adaptation with international human rights law and other multilateral environmental agreements, recommending that states integrate these frameworks to ensure legal robustness and effective resilience.

The document examines how the ICJ's 2025 advisory opinion shifts climate adaptation from a voluntary national choice to a binding international legal obligation. It details the procedural and substantive requirements for states, the application of the 'due diligence' standard to evaluate compliance, and the mandatory role of developed countries in providing financial and technical support to developing nations. The briefing also highlights the intersection of adaptation with human rights and other multilateral environmental agreements.

The document analyzes how the ICJ's 2025 Advisory Opinion rejects the 'lex specialis' doctrine, establishing that the UN climate regime and other multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), human rights law, and customary international law mutually inform and reinforce one another. It argues that states must integrate climate considerations into the implementation of treaties such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to demonstrate due diligence and avoid legal consequences for non-compliance.

The document examines the 2025 ICJ advisory opinion, which establishes that climate obligations are not isolated to the UN climate regime but are reinforced by other multilateral environmental agreements and human rights law. It argues that states must implement these obligations in an integrated manner to demonstrate due diligence and avoid legal consequences for inaction.

The assessment evaluates the viability of nature-based solutions (NbS) in Johannesburg's Jukskei River catchment, including riparian restoration and urban tree planting. Using the SAVi methodology, the report finds that these interventions are economically viable, with a discounted benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) of 3.06 and cumulative net benefits of ZAR 152 million from 2025 to 2050. The most significant benefits are avoided health costs from water pollution and avoided infrastructure damage from flooding.

Saint Lucia's second NAP progress report (2022–2024) documents the transition from planning to implementation across eight priority sectors. While five sectoral plans (water, agriculture, fisheries, resilient ecosystems, and health) are complete, three others (infrastructure, education, and tourism) are being finalized via GCF support. The report highlights achievements in water resource management, climate-resilient agriculture, and blue economy initiatives, while recommending a standardized, simplified monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system to address data gaps and staffing constraints.

The document is a comprehensive glossary designed to bridge the communication gap between the scientific and legal communities in the context of climate litigation. It defines key terms across seven thematic areas: foundational scientific concepts, measurement and data methods, climate and environmental science, risk and impact, public health, Indigenous Knowledge, and socioeconomic policy. The guide emphasizes the distinctions between scientific and legal interpretations of terms like 'bias', 'significance', and 'uncertainty', and explains how attribution science and climate modeling can be used to establish causation and responsibility in court.

The Centre for Environmental Rights (CER) welcomes the introduction of a licensing regime and personal liability for directors in the Water Services Amendment Bill [B24 – 2025] but warns that the Bill concentrates too much power in the Director General and lacks mandatory environmental and public health standards for licensing. The CER argues that the Bill fails to address systemic under-funding of infrastructure and climate-change resilience, and it calls for the inclusion of mandatory climate-adaptation plans and a national framework for wastewater reuse.

The document provides a comprehensive critique of the South African food system, highlighting how historical land dispossession and post-apartheid deregulation have led to extreme corporate concentration and persistent food insecurity. It advocates for a transition toward agroecology and food sovereignty, emphasizing the need for secure land tenure—particularly for women—and the realignment of social grants to meet the food poverty line. The submission also details the 'triple burden' of malnutrition affecting children and the increasing risks posed by climate change to a water-scarce agricultural sector.

The analysis finds a very weak correlation between a country's institutional readiness and its citizens' perceived personal preparedness for extreme weather. While some countries like Vietnam show high levels of both, others like Armenia have high institutional readiness but low personal preparedness, and the Philippines shows high personal preparedness despite lower institutional readiness. The study emphasizes that climate resilience requires tailored strategies based on these distinct gaps, noting that 48 of the 68 examined countries rank in the bottom half of global institutional readiness.

The report details a three-day workshop involving civil society, labour, and producers to analyze the intersection of climate change and South Africa's food system. It critiques mainstream 'climate-smart' technical fixes, advocating instead for transformative alternatives like agroecology, land reform, and seed sovereignty. The document provides a framework for engaging with the Climate Change Act 22 of 2024, specifically through the National Adaptation Strategy and Plan (NASP) and Sector Adaptation Plans, to ensure that climate policy addresses structural inequalities and supports marginalized food system actors.

The SUNCASA project utilizes a monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) framework to track changes in gender and social inclusion norms among participants in Ethiopia, Rwanda, and South Africa. Using pre- and post-training surveys with Likert-style questions, the project recorded an 82% increase in participants' knowledge of GESI issues, exceeding its 50% target. The project emphasizes an intersectional approach to identify how learning outcomes vary by gender, age, and marginalized status, specifically noting significant gains in household power dynamic awareness among women in Kigali and social equity understanding among youth in Johannesburg.

The authors find a positive trend in integrating citizen engagement into climate adaptation, but note a persistent gap between theoretical good practices and real-world implementation. This gap is driven by a reliance on academic sources, lack of transparency in knowledge-sharing platforms, difficulties in tailoring general knowledge to local contexts, institutional barriers, and a lack of societal normalization of engagement.