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This guide by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) examines the intersection of climate change and international human rights law. It details how climatic phenomena and the measures taken to mitigate or adapt to them can infringe upon fundamental rights, particularly for vulnerable populations such as indigenous peoples, women, and children. The document outlines key international milestones—including UN Human Rights Council resolutions and the Cancun Agreements—and advocates for a rights-based approach to be integrated into the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) processes.

This fact sheet chart outlines the relationship between climate impacts—such as sea level rise, temperature increase, extreme weather, and precipitation changes—and their resulting human impacts, including loss of life, health crises, and property damage, while linking these outcomes to specific international human rights.

This report, prepared by Greenpeace and the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) as part of the ETO Consortium, examines the application of the Maastricht Principles on Extraterritorial Obligations (ETOs) to ecological destruction and climate change. It argues that states must be held accountable for human rights violations occurring outside their borders resulting from their own actions, omissions, or failure to regulate non-state actors, such as transnational corporations.

This research paper by Donald M. Goldberg of the Center for International Environmental Law examines the structure, funding, and operational challenges of the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) during its three-year pilot phase (1990-1993). The author highlights concerns from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and developing countries regarding the lack of transparency, democratic governance, and the potential for 'greenwashing' World Bank projects.

This document is a testimony provided by Donald Goldberg of the Center for International Environmental Law on April 14, 1994, to the United States House of Representatives Subcommittee on International Development, Finance, Trade and Monetary Policy. Writing on behalf of a coalition of environmental NGOs, Goldberg outlines six recommendations to ensure the Global Environment Facility (GEF) achieves its mission of helping developing countries address global environmental problems as it moves beyond its pilot phase.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and the Global Initiative for Economic, Social & Cultural Rights (GIESCR) reviews the 2023 activities of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) regarding climate change. It details the CRC's use of State review procedures to hold governments accountable for children's rights in the face of climate crises and analyzes the Committee's General Comment No. 26 (2023), which establishes the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment as implicit in the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

This research paper examines the intersection of international environmental law and foreign direct investment (FDI), analyzing how emerging legal principles, multilateral treaties, and public financing standards influence private capital flows. It highlights the tension between global economic expansion and sustainable development, specifically addressing the risks of 'pollution havens' and the increasing trend of transnational environmental litigation against multinational corporations in their home country courts.

This research paper by the Center for International Environmental Law examines mechanisms for public participation and transparency in international fisheries management, specifically focusing on Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs). Using the 'three pillars' of the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21—access to information, access to decision-making, and access to justice—the author analyzes how modern multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) can serve as models for RFMOs to enhance legitimacy, improve decision-making, and ensure accountability.

KPMG provided a limited assurance report confirming that the City of Cape Town's proposed Green Bond framework and nominated projects conform to the Pre-Issuance Requirements of the Climate Bonds Standard V2.1. The bond focuses on refinancing existing projects, with 92.8% of proceeds allocated to water infrastructure and 7.2% to low-carbon transport (specifically electric buses). While most projects are aligned with Phase 1 water criteria, some are aligned with draft Phase 2 criteria and will be verified post-issuance. The report also highlights the city's response to a climate-change-induced drought through Level 4 water restrictions.

This appendix provides a list of example courses, fellowship programs, and educational frameworks designed to integrate climate change and health into professional training, alongside a directory of useful resources.

The Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) has adopted a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) statement, establishing these principles as core values to guide its operations, policy work, and technical assistance programs in addressing climate change and environmental challenges.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) compiles statements from various global religious leaders, denominations, and interfaith organizations regarding anthropogenic climate change. The document highlights a broad consensus across major faiths that climate change is a moral, spiritual, and justice-related issue, emphasizing the disproportionate impact on poor populations and the necessity of transitioning away from fossil fuels.

This report by Friends of the Earth International argues for the reintegration of agricultural biodiversity into the center of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), contrasting the biodiversity-rich practices of peasant food networks with the limited scope of the agro-industrial chain.

This report by Friends of the Earth Asia Pacific (APAC) serves as an official contribution to the third session of the UN Intergovernmental Working Group on Transnational Corporations (TNCs) and other business enterprises with respect to Human Rights. It advocates for a legally binding UN Treaty to end corporate impunity, specifically targeting the immunity of International Financial Institutions (IFIs), corporate crimes in the Indonesian plantation sector, and the protection of environmental and human rights defenders.

This fact sheet by Friends of the Earth International critiques the environmental policies and practices of the European Investment Bank (EIB), arguing that there is a significant gap between the Bank's official rhetoric on sustainable development and its actual investment activities.

This fact sheet by Friends of the Earth International describes the European Investment Bank (EIB) as a powerful yet 'invisible' public financial institution owned by EU member states. It argues that the EIB operates with significant legal obscurity and lacks the transparency, environmental standards, and public accountability found in similar institutions like the World Bank. The document details specific criticisms from NGOs regarding the EIB's lack of environmental expertise, its failure to support the Kyoto Protocol, and its resistance to public information requests.

This report by Friends of the Earth (FoE) Asia Pacific outlines community-led solutions to combat inequality and climate change across the Asia Pacific region. It highlights specific projects in forest management, sustainable finance, food rights, renewable energy, and eco-tourism, calling for governments to scale up these models through supportive policy frameworks and legislative reforms.

This report by Friends of the Earth International examines the global crisis of water equity, focusing on the negative impacts of water privatization driven by international financial institutions and multinational corporations. It details specific cases of water scarcity, pollution, and social unrest in various countries, while proposing alternative, sustainable, and community-led water management models.

This report by Friends of the Earth Europe examines seven 'High Level Groups' (HLGs) established by the European Commission's Directorate General (DG) for Enterprise and Industry under Commissioner Günter Verheugen. The analysis finds that these advisory groups are systematically biased toward industry interests, often lacking democratic legitimacy and failing to adequately represent environmental or consumer concerns in policy recommendations.

The Environmental, Social & Governance (ESG) and Impact Policy outlines FSD Africa's framework for integrating sustainability, social responsibility, and impact considerations into its grant funding and investment activities. The policy establishes a systems approach via an Environmental and Social Performance Management (ESPM) system to avoid harm, protect value, and drive positive development outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.