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This technical report by the Stockholm Environment Institute Tallinn Centre, commissioned by Nordic Energy Research, analyzes the potential for Estonia to transition to a carbon-neutral power sector by 2050. It evaluates the current state of Estonia's energy system—which is heavily dependent on oil shale—and uses three quantitative models (LEAP, Balmorel, and EMPS) to simulate various low-carbon scenarios, including the impacts of electrification in transport and heating and the necessary developments in transmission grids and international interconnections.

The Green Economy Barometer 2016, published by the Green Economy Coalition (GEC), assesses the global transition toward green and fair economies. The report assigns a score of 4 out of 10 to the transition, noting that while international policy architecture, renewable energy investment, and corporate awareness of natural capital risks have improved, the transition lacks the depth and breadth to address extreme poverty, the informal economy, and systemic structural reform.

Microsoft contracted for 285 MW of wind energy via two off-site projects to hedge against energy price volatility and support its goal of carbon neutrality. By utilizing a dedicated energy team, external expertise, and executive support, the company reduced transaction timelines from the industry average of one to two years down to six months for the first deal and six weeks for the second.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute evaluates UNFCCC practices and proposes a set of architectural options to enhance the effectiveness of the post-2020 international climate agreement.

The 2012 Seattle Community Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory, prepared by the Stockholm Environment Institute, analyzes emissions from 1990 to 2012. It distinguishes between 'core' emissions (road transportation, building energy, and waste) and 'expanded' emissions (including industry, air, marine, and rail travel). The report finds that while absolute core emissions declined slightly, per person emissions dropped significantly despite population and job growth.

This research paper presents a long-term scenario for deep greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement in Seattle, Washington, focusing on a 'core' emissions framework and bottom-up scenario analysis to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.

This research paper details the calculations and data sources used by Green Footstep, an online tool designed to assess and reduce carbon emissions from building construction projects. The methodology focuses on achieving carbon neutrality by ensuring that the net carbon stored on a project site by the end of its analysis period is equal to or greater than the carbon stored in its native state.

This report, prepared by the Stockholm Environment Institute and partners for the City of Seattle, develops a 'Carbon Neutral' scenario to demonstrate a pathway for the city to achieve net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. The analysis focuses on 'core' emissions—buildings, transportation, and waste—where the city has the most direct policy influence. The scenario suggests that aggressive implementation of efficiency and fuel-switching strategies could reduce per capita GHG emissions by 90% by 2050 relative to 2008 levels.

The document contains the minutes of the Seventeenth IAI Conference of the Parties (CoP), held on June 9-10, 2010, in Brasilia, Brazil. The meeting focused on the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research's (IAI) financial status, the approval of its 2010-2011 core budget and annual program, and the election of members to its Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) and Executive Council (EC). It also details national reports on climate change mitigation and adaptation from member countries and discusses the development of a new strategic plan and potential involvement in REDD+ initiatives.

This research paper explores the application of global equity and "burden-sharing" principles to community-scale climate action planning. Using the City of Seattle as a case study, the authors apply the Greenhouse Development Rights (GDR) framework to demonstrate that an equitable global mitigation obligation for a wealthy city would require it to go carbon "negative" by 2020, meaning it must reduce its own emissions while financing low-carbon transitions in developing regions.

The document contains the minutes of the 16th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP-XVI) of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), held in Bogotá, Colombia, on May 19-20, 2009. The meeting focused on administrative updates, the approval of the 2009-2010 operating budget and annual plan, and extensive revisions to the standing rules of both the Executive Council (EC) and the Conference of the Parties. It also included reports on national climate policies from member states and a decision to decline a request from the United Kingdom to evaluate the South American Climate Change Network.

This briefing by Ember analyzes the implications of the International Energy Agency's (IEA) 'Net Zero by 2050' report for the 2021 P4G Seoul Summit, arguing that achieving 100% clean power is a necessary precursor to broader carbon neutrality.

This briefing by Global Energy Monitor examines the expansion of woody biomass power in Japan and South Korea, arguing that these technologies are being used to meet renewable energy targets despite lacking financial viability and failing to reduce emissions. The document highlights that woody biomass can emit 30% more CO2 than coal and warns that subsidies for biomass are delaying the transition to truly renewable sources like wind and solar.

This case study by GreenCape examines the application of a power purchase and rental agreement (PP-RA) model to finance a 250.8 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) system for a Pick n Pay retail outlet in Brackenfell, Cape Town. The model allows a solar developer to finance, install, and maintain the system on a property owner's roof in exchange for rental payments, while the tenant purchases the generated electricity via a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA).

This guide by the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) provides best practices for universities to develop and implement effective campus climate action plans. It organizes its recommendations into three pillars: people (team assembly and stakeholder engagement), policy (investment decision-making and contracting), and plan (baseline development, renewable energy strategies, and portfolio-wide implementation).

This executive summary outlines the economic and environmental imperatives for Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam to transition toward a zero-carbon economy. It highlights the region's growing reliance on coal, the potential for renewable energy to create jobs and reduce import costs, and proposes a five-step framework for shifting financial flows toward low-carbon development.

This policy brief, produced by the Stockholm Environment Institute Tallinn Centre as part of the NORSTRAT project, examines the transmission grid developments required to transition the Baltic States to a carbon-neutral power sector by 2050. The research focuses on the feasibility of replacing oil shale and fossil fuel dependency with renewable energy sources, specifically wind and biomass, through increased interconnection with the Nordic Power System and Continental Europe.

This policy brief by Transforma (CCADI) provides guidelines for creating a roadmap to develop a climate-smart financial sector in Colombia. It argues that while Colombia has addressed acute physical risks and the redirection of capital toward mitigation, it lacks a systemic governance framework to manage chronic physical risks and transition risks. The document proposes a four-component framework—institutional coordination, risk management, financial instruments, and monitoring—to align the financial sector with Colombia's 2050 carbon neutrality goal.

This working paper, part of the World Resources Institute's 'CarbonShot' series, outlines federal policy options to scale carbon removal in the United States to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.

This research paper introduces the City Climate Policy Assessment Framework, a tool designed to evaluate the comprehensiveness of climate policies across 12 cities in China and internationally across seven key sectors.