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As of 2018, approximately 80 percent of Bangladeshi households lacked access to clean cooking alternatives, with 74 percent of the rural population relying on biomass. While LPG adoption is growing at 8–10 percent annually due to government tax exemptions, other technologies like electric stoves (1.1% usage) and improved cookstoves (10% usage) face affordability and awareness barriers. Financing is heavily skewed toward improved cookstoves (ICS) via development finance institutions (DFIs) and government programs like IDCOL, while private sector participation remains limited except in the LPG sector. The proposed National Action Plan 2020–2030 estimates a total investment requirement of USD 2.9 billion to achieve 100 percent clean cooking access by 2030.

The report advocates for a paradigm shift in sanitation and wastewater management, moving from a focus on waste disposal to one of resource recovery. It details how recovering water, nutrients, and energy from waste streams can improve public health, food security, and climate mitigation while creating economic opportunities. The document provides technical guidance on system design, risk management for human and environmental health, and the institutional and financial frameworks necessary to implement sustainable, context-specific sanitation systems.

The document outlines a site-specific management plan for Jigme Dorji National Park (JDNP) to ensure that BFL project activities—including infrastructure maintenance, renewable energy installation, and habitat restoration—comply with both Royal Government of Bhutan laws and WWF social safeguards. It identifies potential risks such as construction waste, methane emissions from biogas plants, and community conflicts over resource rights, providing specific mitigation measures and a monitoring schedule for 2020.

The report evaluates the economic viability of various eco-technologies in the Fyrisån (Sweden), Słupia (Poland), and Vantaanjoki (Finland) river basins using a combined Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) approach. It finds that most technologies currently yield a negative net present value (NPV) due to high investment costs, with the notable exceptions of anaerobic digestion and thermal treatment in the Vantaanjoki basin.

The project aims to enhance Pakistan's capacity to access result-based payments (RBPs) by validating REDD+ systems and implementing complementary mitigation activities. It focuses on filling technical gaps in the Warsaw Framework, such as refining Forest Reference Emission Levels (FREL) and establishing a national carbon registry. The project will use the Ten Billion Tree Tsunami Project (TBTTP) as a platform to demonstrate the reduction of deforestation drivers through the promotion of alternative energy (solar, biogas, micro-hydel) and the improvement of non-timber forest product (NTFP) value chains. With a total cost of USD 17.787 million, the project expects to sequester 459,520 tCO2eq and benefit approximately 2.55 million people.

The study evaluates the interactions between land policies and energy technology subsidies in eastern Africa, finding that while sustainable biomass production can reduce GHG emissions by 10%, it may delay health and energy access goals. Conversely, an optimized portfolio of technology subsidies could further reduce GHG emissions by 10%, lower air pollution mortality by 20%, and increase energy access by 15%. The analysis highlights the importance of prioritizing biogas, LPG, and ethanol for synergistic benefits, while PV technologies primarily improve energy access.

The document argues that recycling nutrients from organic waste streams is essential for rural-urban sustainability and global food security. It identifies the liquid phase of anaerobic digestate as a concentrated nutrient source and highlights struvite precipitation and ammonia stripping as promising recovery technologies that, when combined with anaerobic digestion, provide both renewable energy and plant nutrients.

The document provides a detailed breakdown of 'green jobs', highlighting that the U.S. energy efficiency sector employs over 3 million people and the global renewable energy sector employed 11 million in 2018. It identifies China as the global leader in renewable energy employment and notes the emergence of climate adaptation and resilience as critical new areas of job growth, despite a lack of standardized tracking codes in the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics system.

The Bioenergy Criteria provide a framework for certifying use-of-proceeds instruments, physical assets, and bioenergy companies. Certification requires meeting specific life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission thresholds that decline over time toward a 'close to zero' target by 2050. It also mandates that biomass feedstocks meet sustainability requirements, often verified through pre-accepted certification schemes, and that facilities implement comprehensive adaptation and resilience plans to manage physical climate risks.

The document provides a comprehensive overview of 'green jobs', highlighting that the U.S. energy efficiency sector employs over 3 million people and the global renewable energy sector employed 11 million people in 2018. It details specific employment figures for various technologies—such as solar, wind, and biofuels—and identifies China as the global leader in renewable energy employment. Additionally, it notes the emergence of climate adaptation and resilience jobs, though standardized data collection for these roles remains limited.

The assessment found that while small and mid-sized privately owned biodigesters provide health, environmental, and economic benefits, the 'community biodigester' model envisioned by Bangladesh's ILMM policy is not currently operational due to a lack of social capital and group financing. Adoption depends on access to finance, technical knowledge, livestock, and land.

The document assesses biogas as a feasible alternative energy option to help Indonesia meet its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets. It identifies a lack of government priority as a barrier to even development and proposes two pathways: low-investment household-scale installations and high-investment large-scale electricity production. To accelerate the transition, the authors recommend formulating clear renewable energy targets, strengthening management institutions, and introducing financial incentives like feed-in tariffs.

The document assesses the viability of biogas in Indonesia through two pathways: a low-cost household-scale option for cooking and lighting, and a high-investment large-scale option for electricity production. While biogas offers significant GHG mitigation potential—estimated at 6.4 million tons CO2/year for small digesters and 2.6 GW for large-scale production—its development is hindered by a lack of government priority, high initial investment costs, and competing fossil fuel subsidies. The report identifies critical risks including inadequate monitoring of household systems, bureaucratic distribution, and the unreliability of biogas-fuelled power plants. It recommends that the Indonesian government formulate clear renewable energy targets, strengthen monitoring standards, and introduce favorable feed-in tariffs to incentivize private investment.

The report reviews 819 studies on ecotechnologies for nutrient recovery in the Baltic Sea Region, finding that while energy recovery is mature in wastewater and manure-based systems dominate agriculture, economic viability is heavily dependent on global market prices for phosphate rock and natural gas. It argues that current EU policies remain rooted in linear waste management and calls for harmonized regulations to promote a circular economy for nutrients.

The author argues that Poland and Ukraine's dependence on Russian gas and oil creates significant security vulnerabilities, which Russia exploits for political pressure. While Poland is investing in infrastructure like the Świnoujście LNG terminal and Baltic Pipe to end gas imports by 2022, Ukraine remains more vulnerable due to limited financial and regulatory capacity. The document posits that long-term resilience against 'hybrid war' requires a shift from centralized energy systems to distributed networks based on renewables and improved energy efficiency, particularly in the housing sector.

The report evaluates different systems for nutrient and carbon recovery in the Vantaanjoki (Finland), Fyrisån (Sweden), and Słupia (Poland) catchment areas. Using a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) involving stakeholder weighting, the study compares baseline management against alternatives such as anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and source-separation. In Vantaanjoki, anaerobic digestion scored highest. In Fyrisån, source-separation was the most sustainable. In Słupia, nutrient extraction performed best, while source-separation was found to be potentially less sustainable than the baseline due to local context and low adoption rates.

The project proposes a USD 10 million grant from the Green Climate Fund to restore 2,000 hectares of the South Marmanet Forest Reserve. The initiative focuses on three main components: improving forest governance through the Participatory Forest Management approach, implementing reforestation and afforestation activities, and diversifying community livelihoods through climate-adaptive technologies. The project aims to benefit 75,000 direct beneficiaries and 1.4 million indirect beneficiaries by stabilizing the flow of the Ewaso Ng’iro River and sequestering an estimated 18 million tonnes of carbon by 2050.

The research examines the uptake of domestic biogas in rural Bali, Indonesia, using a multi-level perspective framework and stakeholder analysis. It aims to identify pathways for biogas to compete with established fossil fuel-based energy systems and provide co-benefits for vulnerable rural communities, offering insights for Indonesia and other developing countries transitioning to low-carbon energy.

The report finds that while electricity finance reached a high of USD 36 billion in 2017, only one-third benefited residential users, and clean cooking finance plummeted by 73% compared to 2015-16. It highlights severe underinvestment in Sub-Saharan Africa and the need for innovative financing to reach vulnerable groups, including women and displaced persons.

The report finds that while there is a general availability of skilled labour in Atlantis, many qualified residents commute to Cape Town, leaving local businesses to report skills shortages. It argues that the future of the A-SEZ lies in medium-sized, value-adding green businesses rather than mega-factories, as the utility-scale renewable energy market has been hindered by poor government implementation of the REIPPPP. The audit identifies a critical gap in 'soft skills' and STEM competencies, alongside systemic failures in the local education sector, particularly at West Coast College, which serves non-local students more than residents. Recommendations include a 'whole of society' approach to education, the establishment of a community ICT centre, and targeted bursaries for high-tech tooling training.