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The document proposes integrated planning, demand-side management, and electric mobility as key solutions for sustainable urban transport. It identifies four city profiles—Efficiency Opportunists, Electric Vehicle Leapfroggers, Digital Disruptors, and Renewable Drivers—to guide interventions in fast-growing cities across Africa, Asia, and Latin America, noting that urban transport emissions are expected to double by 2050.

The report argues that energy and mobility sectors must move from silos to synergies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It identifies 19 priority countries and 260 cities, categorizing them into four types: Efficiency Opportunists, Digital Disruptors, Electric Vehicle Leapfroggers, and Renewable Drivers. The document proposes three primary solutions: integrated energy, land-use, and mobility planning; demand-side targeting and management using digital tools; and the deployment of electric mobility (specifically buses and two-wheelers). It highlights a significant financing gap for sustainable transport in small cities and recommends cross-sector alliances and improved spatial data to attract investment.

The document advocates for replacing the 'linear economy'—characterized by resource extraction and waste—with a 'circular economy' that emphasizes recycling, reuse, and remanufacturing. It outlines the environmental and economic benefits of circularity, including significant potential cost savings in manufacturing and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The briefing also highlights corporate examples from Philips, H&M, and Trina Solar, and details several Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) projects focused on circular procurement, plastic waste management, and sustainable production-consumption systems.

The report argues that environmental improvements can enhance competitiveness and proposes a strategy for a European eco-efficient economy based on resource efficiency, new technology markets, and stable global carbon pricing. It emphasizes the need for integrated governance, support for SMEs, and international cooperation to prevent carbon leakage and drive global climate action.

The document evaluates biofuel production in southern Africa, finding that sugarcane generally improves food security and reduces poverty, while jatropha's benefits are unproven or precarious. It highlights a trade-off where sugarcane can increase carbon stocks but displace food crops, whereas jatropha plantations in Mozambique caused substantial carbon stock losses. The brief also notes that high costs hinder the adoption of ethanol cooking stoves in urban Mozambique despite their potential to reduce charcoal-driven deforestation.

The report analyzes 40 low-carbon interventions in Mexico's electric power, oil and gas, energy end-use, transport, and agriculture and forestry sectors. It finds that implementing these measures could stabilize emissions at 2008 levels by 2030, avoiding approximately 477 Mt CO2e relative to a baseline scenario. Many of these interventions are 'no-regrets' options with positive economic returns, though their scale-up is hindered by institutional, regulatory, and financial barriers.

The document outlines the methodology for the Klimatkalkylatorn tool, which estimates a user's climate footprint across four consumption categories: housing, food, transport, and shopping, plus a fixed societal impact. It details the use of Swedish national statistics (SCB), the GTAP input-output model for indirect emissions, and specific emission factors for energy and transport. The tool compares individual results against a Swedish average of 10.7 tonnes CO2e, a global average of 6.4 tonnes CO2e, and a 2020 target of 7 tonnes CO2e per person.

The project, running from October 2013 to October 2015, seeks to identify strategies to minimize trade-offs between biofuel production and rural wellbeing in sub-Saharan Africa. It employs field-based research at case study sites in Malawi, Swaziland, and Mozambique, focusing on sugar cane and jatropha feedstocks. The study examines various ecosystem services—including climate regulation and water—and dimensions of poverty such as food security and energy poverty, with a specific focus on Malawi's long-term experience with biofuel blending in transport fuel.

The document assesses how constraints on biomass, specific metals, and water resources may impact the transition to a low-carbon economy. It evaluates various scenarios for biomass production, predicts cumulative deficits for metals like indium and tellurium, and examines the water-energy nexus, using a California case study to demonstrate how technology choices can mitigate water stress while reducing emissions.

Thailand is promoting a bioeconomy to escape the middle-income trap and reduce social inequality, focusing heavily on the industrial processing of sugarcane and cassava into high-value products and biofuels. While integrated into national strategies like Thailand 4.0 and the 20-year National Strategy, the transition faces significant hurdles, including land and water scarcity, low wages for sugarcane workers, and environmental pollution from field burning.

The authors propose a heuristic framework to bridge the gap between governance research and technological innovation systems (TIS). By integrating the TIS approach with the multi-level perspective (MLP) on socio-technical transitions, the framework allows researchers to analyse the causal relationship between governance arrangements—defined by who governs, how they govern, and what is governed—and the functionality of an innovation system over time. The authors argue that the effectiveness of governance depends on the TIS's stability and its alignment with existing socio-technical regimes.

The paper argues that incremental improvements are insufficient to address the unsustainability of current road transport, which is locked into a regime of oil and car dependence. Using a multi-level perspective, the authors identify three 'niches' for radical innovation: novel vehicle/fuel technologies (Niche 1), a shift from product ownership to mobility services (Niche 2), and post-industrial lifestyles that reduce overall travel demand (Niche 3). In Sweden, Niche 1 is seen as reaching a 'take-off' phase, particularly with biofuels and hybrids, supported by a history of niche experiments and targeted policies. In the UK, the transition is slower and more 'technology push' driven, though congestion charging in London is highlighted as a successful intervention. The authors conclude that a sustainable future requires the co-evolution and 'niche-accumulation' of all three pathways, as technology alone cannot solve social issues like congestion or obesity, nor can it fully mitigate climate change without demand reduction.

The paper identifies a gap in climate adaptation policy, which typically focuses on domestic, territorial impacts. It proposes a framework for 'indirect impacts'—socio-economic or biophysical effects propagating from one region to another via trade, migration, or hydrological links. An analysis of seven Swedish and European forestry documents reveals that while market-driven outlooks consider global contexts, adaptation-specific policies remain strictly focused on local biophysical changes, ignoring the broader international dimensions of climate risk.

The document analyzes how the COVID-19 pandemic exposed structural vulnerabilities in Colombia's agricultural supply chains, particularly in transport infrastructure and commercialization for small producers. It argues that recovery should prioritize diversifying transport modes (rail and river), enhancing cold chain logistics, promoting short supply circuits, and implementing a national digital information system to improve transparency and climate resilience.

The document critiques the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry's plan to allocate 20 million hectares of forest for 'food and energy estates'. It argues that this plan constitutes a 'legalization of deforestation' that contradicts Indonesia's global climate commitments (NDC, CBD) and its own FoLU Net Sink 2030 target. The brief highlights the risk of corporate capture, the displacement of Indigenous peoples, and the potential for severe human rights abuses, particularly if the projects are designated as National Strategic Projects (PSN). It emphasizes that food and energy should be treated as human rights rather than business commodities, advocating for local food sovereignty and community-led energy solutions over large-scale industrial estates.

The document criticizes the Indonesian government's push for B50 and Bioethanol (E20) as a response to Middle East oil supply crises. It claims these policies will lead to massive deforestation, carbon emission increases, and the 'whitewashing' of illegal palm oil plantations. The author asserts that the program benefits conglomerates and creates trade dependency on the US, proposing instead a shift toward public transportation to reduce fuel demand.

The Union of Concerned Scientists developed the Climate 2030 Blueprint using a modified version of the National Energy Modeling System (UCS-NEMS) to evaluate a 'Blueprint case' against a 'Reference case'. The Blueprint case centers on a cap-and-trade program starting in 2011, designed to reduce U.S. emissions to 26 percent below 2005 levels by 2020 and 56 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. This cap is supported by complementary policies in energy efficiency, electricity generation, and transportation to lower the overall cost of compliance. The analysis incorporates supplemental data on building and industrial efficiency from the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy and biomass supply curves from the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

The Climate 2030 Blueprint proposes a combination of a cap-and-trade program and sector-specific complementary policies to reduce U.S. heat-trapping emissions. The analysis indicates that by 2030, the Blueprint could achieve a 56 percent drop in emissions from 2005 levels while generating net annual savings of $464 billion for consumers and businesses. The electricity sector is identified as the primary driver of these reductions, with significant contributions from energy efficiency and renewable energy. The report also highlights improvements in energy security through reduced oil imports and the potential for carbon sequestration in U.S. forests and farmlands.

The report outlines the assumptions used to model transportation emissions reductions by 2030, including fuel economy targets, the adoption of plug-in hybrids, and the deployment of cellulosic ethanol. It describes adjustments made to the AEO 2008 model to reflect more aggressive efficiency standards and the impacts of smart growth policies.

The document outlines conservative estimates for biomass energy supply in the US, focusing on energy crops, agricultural residues, forestry residues, and urban/mill residues. It details the use of the POLYSYS model to assess land-use changes, specifically for switchgrass, and provides the methodology for calculating land-use impacts for other renewable energy technologies and avoided coal mining.