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This case study analyzes the development of wind power in Egypt as of March 2009, examining the economic and institutional barriers to scaling up clean energy investment in a country that is a net exporter of fossil fuels. It evaluates the wind resource potential, compares the levelized costs of wind against natural gas combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT), and outlines the necessary regulatory and strategic conditions required to transition from donor-funded projects to private-sector investment.

This briefing paper examines the economic, legal, and geopolitical challenges of implementing Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs) to address industrial competitiveness and carbon leakage. It analyzes the tension between unilateral trade measures and international climate principles, specifically the UNFCCC's principle of common but differentiated responsibility.

This 2009 report by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) analyzes financial mechanisms and opportunities for collaboration between the European Union and India to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It evaluates the limitations of existing UNFCCC mechanisms, identifies sectoral barriers to low-carbon transitions, and proposes specific initiatives in solar energy, energy efficiency, and black carbon reduction to align EU climate goals with India's development priorities.

This concept paper outlines an expert roundtable workshop hosted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) in Mombasa, Kenya, on September 29-30, 2009. The workshop focuses on the legal, policy, and institutional challenges associated with climate change and transboundary water conflicts in Africa, with a specific emphasis on the Nile River Basin.

This research paper examines the economic relationship between Indonesia and the European Union following the July 2009 signing of a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA), highlighting the challenges Indonesia faces in pursuing a Free Trade Agreement (IEUFTA) due to economic imbalances and differing views on trade liberalization.

This report by Friends of the Earth Netherlands and WALHI KalBar examines how European biofuel policies and the resulting demand for palm oil have driven unsustainable plantation expansion in the Ketapang District of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. It details systemic failures in governance, including the issuance of 'fast track' permits that bypass environmental and social safeguards, leading to illegal deforestation, carbon emissions, and severe land conflicts with indigenous communities.

This policy brief examines China's strategic investments in bauxite mining and infrastructure within Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, highlighting the lack of regulatory oversight and the potential for significant transboundary environmental impacts.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute examines policy options for rewarding 'early action' greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions within a proposed U.S. federal cap-and-trade system. It analyzes the environmental and economic implications of awarding credits 'under the cap' versus 'above the cap' and provides guidance on transitioning existing regional programs into a federal framework.

This briefing describes the bioenergy, agriculture, and forestry provisions of the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (ACES, H.R. 2454). The bill proposes a cap-and-trade system to reduce nationwide greenhouse gas emissions, exempting bioenergy from renewable biomass and allowing farmers and land managers to sell carbon offsets. It also includes mandates for renewable electricity, a woodstove change-out program, and the authorization of the National Bioenergy Partnership.

This research paper analyzes the relationship between China's trade success and its carbon emissions, arguing that China's comparative advantage is based on labor costs rather than carbon intensity. The author contends that border tax adjustments on carbon-intensive imports would have minimal impact on China's economy and suggests that a global carbon price could provide an opportunity for China to lead in sustainable technologies.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) examines the energy inefficiency and poor living conditions of approximately 2 million mobile homes built before 1976 in the United States. It argues that because these structures are in such disrepair, they cannot be weatherized and must be entirely replaced with energy-efficient units to reduce carbon footprints and utility costs for low-income residents.

This research report by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) examines forestry governance in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), focusing on the transition from hierarchical to network governance. It analyzes national policy, the impact of forest title conversions, and provides a detailed case study of tripartite governance structures in Bikoro Territory, Equateur Province, implemented by the IUCN.

This research paper examines whether and how manufactured nanomaterials should be treated as a global concern, noting the technology's potential for widespread economic transformation and the complexities of regulating materials that move through international trade and environmental transport.

This research paper analyzes the socio-economic dynamics of the mining industry in Kalima, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), specifically comparing the impacts of industrial mining (historically led by Sominki and later Sakima) with current artisanal mining of cassiterite. The author argues that artisanal mining provides better employment, higher incomes, and more democratic working conditions for the local population than the previous industrial model, despite a decline in social services and local agriculture.

This report examines the integration of sustainable development—specifically environmental, labor, and social concerns—into Peru's trade and investment agenda. It analyzes the shift from a 1990s policy of prioritizing foreign investment with minimal standards to a current framework where sustainable development commitments are largely driven by external requirements from free trade agreements (FTAs) and international trade partners.

This report examines how sustainable development issues are integrated into Brazil's international trade and investment agenda, noting a shift from official government resistance to practical adaptation by economic actors due to international pressures and domestic political evolution.

This report examines how Chile incorporates sustainable development, specifically environmental and labor issues, into its trade agreements and foreign direct investment (FDI) policies, while identifying gaps in climate change integration and enforcement.

This report examines the intersection of international trade, foreign direct investment, and sustainable development in Argentina. It analyzes how external pressures, international agreements, and domestic factors influence the adoption of environmental and labor standards, while highlighting specific natural resource management challenges and the role of multilateral negotiations like the Kyoto Protocol.

This report synthesizes research from a TKN-CINDES project involving case studies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru. It examines the shift in South American countries from a defensive stance toward sustainable development in trade to the acceptance of environmental and labor chapters in free-trade agreements (FTAs), particularly those with the United States and Canada.

This research paper by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) examines Chinese development co-operation in Africa, using the 'Friendship Town' housing project in Tembisa, South Africa, as a primary case study. It outlines the evolution of China's aid framework from ideological solidarity to a 'mutual benefit' model and analyzes the implementation, community impact, and sustainability of the Tembisa project.