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This report by Trend Asia examines the role of large conglomerates, state-owned enterprises, and politically connected corporations in Indonesia's energy transition, specifically focusing on the development of energy plantation forests (HTE) for biomass co-firing in coal-fired power plants (PLTU). The document argues that the transition is being dominated by powerful actors with a history of deforestation and land conflict, potentially leading to a 'carbon debt' and further environmental degradation.

This report by Friends of the Earth Netherlands and WALHI KalBar examines how European biofuel policies and the resulting demand for palm oil have driven unsustainable plantation expansion in the Ketapang District of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. It details systemic failures in governance, including the issuance of 'fast track' permits that bypass environmental and social safeguards, leading to illegal deforestation, carbon emissions, and severe land conflicts with indigenous communities.