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The report argues that while coal's share of power generation in China has reached historic lows, institutional inertia—including capacity payments, inflexible dispatch rules, and a lack of a national retirement strategy—continues to drive high levels of new coal capacity additions. It highlights a disconnect where clean energy is growing rapidly but is often offset by the continued expansion and protection of coal assets, which are not fulfilling their intended role as flexible backups for renewables.

The G20 is a consensus-seeking dialogue mechanism established in 1999 to address global financial crises, comprising 19 countries, the European Union, and the African Union. It operates through a rotating presidency—with South Africa hosting in 2025—and is organized into Finance and Sherpa tracks. While it lacks a formal international mandate or binding decision-making power, it provides a platform for global economic coordination and civil society engagement via 'Engagement Groups' such as the C20.

The paper examines AUDA-NEPAD's role in driving Africa's structural transformation through trade integration and industrialisation. While the agency has successfully established high-level policy frameworks and partnerships, it faces significant implementation gaps due to institutional complexity, donor dependency, and structural bottlenecks. The document highlights a persistent disconnect between policy design and execution, particularly in the area of green industrialisation, and argues for a shift toward locally adaptive action and reduced external influence to achieve sustainable economic growth.

The Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF), the operational arm of the IMF's Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST), provides long-term concessional loans to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to implement macro-critical climate reforms. While the RSF creates fiscal space and improves investment conditions, its impact is often hindered by limited engagement with sectoral ministries, overlapping climate initiatives, and inconsistent coordination with development partners like the World Bank and regional development banks. The document recommends institutionalizing inter-ministry platforms, aligning RSF reforms with national climate plans, and utilizing joint diagnostic tools. It also highlights the role of IMF Climate Finance Roundtables in aligning investments with national priorities, though these have yet to mobilize significant private capital. Case studies from Bangladesh, Barbados, and Senegal illustrate both the potential and the challenges of these coordination mechanisms.

The report examines the role of green banks in bridging the USD 7.4 trillion annual climate funding gap. It identifies four main structures: standalone de novo banks, enhanced public development banks (PDBs), green facilities within PDBs, and country platforms. While standalone banks are more common in advanced economies, EMDEs frequently utilize green facilities as transitional mechanisms. The report emphasizes that success depends on financial, environmental, and political sustainability, and proposes three international support options: a new design initiative, expanding the FiCS Innovation Lab, or forming a coalition of existing initiatives.

The report analyzes the socio-economic and institutional crisis in La Jagua de Ibirico, Colombia, triggered by Prodeco's withdrawal from coal mining. It highlights severe gaps in local government powers and funding, significant environmental legacies, and the need for a coordinated national-local framework to support economic diversification and a just transition.

The paper examines the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), established by the World Meteorological Organization in 2009 to improve interaction between climate knowledge producers and users. Using Social Network Analysis (SNA), the study analyzes the institutional trajectories, contact points, and levels of cooperation among participating organizations to assess the potential for intensifying collaboration in the provision of climate services.

The document discusses the role of interdisciplinarity and knowledge networking in creating usable climate information, focusing on the Regional Climate Center for Southern South America (RCC-SSA). It highlights the challenge of integrating meteorological data with the diverse needs of various stakeholders to translate climate predictions into adaptation and mitigation actions.

The report identifies a systemic failure within the UNFCCC where justice efforts are fragmented across isolated mechanisms, allowing for symbolic recognition without the redistribution of power. It proposes an integrated justice framework—comprising distributive, procedural, recognitional, restorative, and transformative justice—to diagnose gaps and guide policy. The author argues that the JTWP risks becoming a 'talking shop' unless it is operationalised through binding commitments, a permanent coordination body, and sector-specific pathways beyond the energy sector. Key recommendations for COP30 include adopting ILO Guidelines as foundational principles and mandating integrated justice assessments in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

The Special Investigating Unit (SIU) is identified as one of South Africa's most effective anti-corruption agencies, primarily due to its use of civil law remedies and a culture of integrity. However, it faces significant hurdles, including a cumbersome Presidential proclamation process, a precarious funding model, and a lack of legally binding authority for its recommendations. The document suggests legal amendments to the SIU Act, improved whistleblower protections, and a potential transition into a dedicated Chapter 9 anti-corruption agency.

The Pan-African Payment and Settlement System (PAPSS) is a financial market infrastructure designed to enable instant cross-border payments across Africa using local currencies, reducing reliance on foreign currencies like the US dollar and Euro. While supported by the AU and AfCFTA, the system faces significant hurdles, including low awareness—with 39% of business leaders unaware of it—and fragmented regulatory frameworks. Despite these challenges, as of May 2024, 13 African central banks, over 115 commercial banks, and 10 payment switches have connected to the system. The report recommends harmonizing regulations, investing in digital infrastructure, and improving data transparency to unlock the system's potential for economic integration.

The document details a conference focused on the marginalization of Africa within the global economic system, specifically regarding the legacy of structural adjustment and the current lack of representative governance in international financial institutions. It identifies critical barriers to African development, including inflated risk premiums that cost the continent over $74 billion annually and the failure of the Global North to deliver over $1 trillion in promised climate financing. The report proposes a tiered reform agenda: short-term priorities include debt cancellation and increased access to Special Drawing Rights; medium-term goals focus on improving credit ratings through better data and combating illicit financial flows; and long-term goals aim for greater representation in the IMF and World Bank. Additionally, it explores the potential for Africa to leverage its natural capital and critical minerals for the energy transition, while cautioning against new dependencies on China as the world shifts toward a multipolar order.

The report finds that the DMRE has exhibited significant reluctance to lead South Africa's just energy transition (JET), often viewing it as a 'western imposition'. This resistance is rooted in the historical minerals-energy complex (MEC) and a desire to protect vested interests in the coal sector and black industrialist projects. The document highlights a lack of policy articulation, poor stakeholder engagement, and internal organizational incoherence caused by repeated mergers and splits. It recommends that the successor departments—Mineral and Petroleum Resources, and Electricity and Energy—improve transparency, update the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) regularly, and align the transition with the post-apartheid racial transformation agenda.

The report outlines a framework for the Loss and Damage Fund's design, emphasizing the need for diversified funding sources, simplified access for marginalized communities, and a governance structure that prioritizes grants and local leadership. It argues for a comprehensive approach that complements existing humanitarian and development aid rather than creating rigid new categories.

The document argues that the Loss and Damage Fund should avoid the bureaucratic hurdles of traditional climate finance by adopting flexible, grant-based mechanisms and inclusive governance. It emphasizes the need for direct access for local NGOs and marginalized communities, particularly in fragile states and Small Island Developing States (SIDS), while integrating with existing humanitarian and development flows to ensure a comprehensive response to climate-induced losses.

The article examines NATO's evolution from deterring state and non-state actors to addressing anthropogenic risks like climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. It argues that these risks represent a critical juncture for the Alliance to reorient its sustainability strategies, noting that the pandemic prompted the first significant regional mobilization of military assets in response to a non-human risk.

The report analyzes Brazil's agricultural policy framework, highlighting that while mitigation and adaptation tools exist, many lack social justice elements. It identifies key policies like PNAPO and the PRONAF ABC+ credit line as essential for a just transition, while noting that the ABC+ Plan primarily targets large-scale producers. The document recommends expanding technical assistance to smallholders and improving coordination between the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA) and the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Family Farming (MDA).

The report analyzes the institutional framework and policies of the Brazilian agricultural sector regarding climate change. It distinguishes between mitigation and adaptation policies and evaluates whether they incorporate 'justice elements'—such as prioritizing family farming, increasing income for vulnerable producers, and promoting gender and racial equity. The mapping identifies the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (Mapa) as the primary actor, while noting a lack of a dedicated national strategy for a just transition in agriculture.

The document details the governance structure for Rwanda's adaptation MEL system, identifying the Ministry of Environment (MoE) as the lead coordinator and the Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) as the primary agency for data validation and UNFCCC reporting. It specifies the roles of the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI) in collecting data for 10 specific NDC adaptation indicators in the agriculture sector. The report identifies significant human resource gaps, noting that most ministries lack dedicated adaptation MEL focal points, and recommends a budget of approximately USD 250,000 for 2023-2024 to establish the program.

The report outlines a framework for the operationalisation of the Loss and Damage Fund, emphasizing the need for inclusive governance, simplified access for vulnerable nations, and a diverse funding base. It argues for a grant-based approach and the integration of humanitarian and non-profit sector practices to ensure funds reach the most marginalized local communities.