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The report identifies that India requires USD 300 billion in total investment by 2032 to meet its National Electricity Plan-14 targets. It argues that managing project-specific risks is essential to keep the cost of capital low, as a 400 basis point increase in this cost could result in India falling short of its 2030 renewable energy target by 100 GW. Key risks analyzed include commissioning delays, the complexities of Firm and Dispatchable Renewable Energy (FDRE) projects, PV module performance and localization, and the financial instability of distribution companies (DISCOMs).

This executive summary by Ember outlines the financial requirements and risk factors associated with India's goal of achieving 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, emphasizing that the cost of capital is a primary determinant of whether this target is met.

The report assesses gender dynamics in the Pacific fisheries sector, noting that while fishing is viewed as a male domain, women play critical but often invisible roles in post-harvest processing and marketing. It identifies risks such as the potential for FAD investments to overlook women's needs and the high prevalence of gender-based violence in the region. The document proposes regional objectives to increase recognition of women's roles, improve working conditions for fish sellers, and provide training in tuna processing. It includes detailed gender profiles for participating nations, highlighting specific bottlenecks like limited women's representation in decision-making and the impact of climate change on coastal resources.

The report analyzes gender inequalities in Togo, specifically how climate change and natural disasters disproportionately affect women and girls. It outlines a gender mainstreaming strategy for a resilience project, including specific activities to address gender-specific vulnerabilities, promote women's economic empowerment, and mitigate risks of sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment (SEAH). The project is categorized as having a high value for its contribution to gender equality.

The report examines the 'double threat' of climate change to healthcare energy infrastructure: the physical disruption of energy supply and the increased demand for energy to treat climate-related health issues. Using data from Kenya, India, and Barbados, it identifies a wide range of resilience solutions—including decentralized clean energy, energy-efficient appliances, and grid hardening—while noting that adoption is currently limited by financial, regulatory, and technical barriers.

The document explains climate-resilient debt clauses (CRDCs) as contractual tools that allow countries to postpone debt repayments following natural disasters, thereby creating fiscal space for emergency response. It details the technical design of these clauses, including triggers and deferral terms, and analyzes the implications for multilateral development banks (MDBs) and public development banks (PDBs). The primer highlights the role of the ICMA Term Sheet in standardization and provides a decision tree to help financial institutions assess the feasibility of adopting CRDCs based on liquidity, regulatory environment, and disaster risk management systems.

The United States has the world's second-largest pipeline of gas-fired power plants in development, totaling over 85 GW, largely fueled by speculation regarding AI energy needs. However, most of these projects are in early stages, and there is a significant risk that they could become stranded assets if AI power demand does not materialize. The report highlights that renewables and storage are currently cheaper and faster to deploy than new gas power, while specific regions like Texas and the PJM Interconnection area are seeing the highest concentration of these developments.

The KaF-Adapt project, funded by the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), aims to reduce community vulnerability to water scarcity and promote resilient livelihoods in the Kafue Flats of Zambia. Classified as a Category B (medium-risk) project, it implements a comprehensive safeguards framework to manage risks such as resource access restrictions, habitat degradation, and social exclusion. The framework mandates site-specific Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs) and Livelihood Restoration Plans (LRPs) for high-risk activities, supported by a dedicated Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and a joint Project Management Unit (PMU) shared with the sister project, KaF-Wild.

The report analyzes marine geoengineering, dividing it into marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) and marine solar radiation modification (SRM). It argues that these speculative technologies pose irreversible risks to ocean ecosystems and human rights, while facing significant monitoring and verification challenges. The authors contend that proposed deployment zones span every ocean basin, making the impacts inherently transboundary and potentially violating international law, including the CBD moratorium and UNCLOS.

The briefing details the systemic failures in decommissioning offshore oil and gas sites, highlighting how abandoned wells leak methane and toxins, threaten marine biodiversity and coastal livelihoods, and how corporations use legal and financial loopholes to shift cleanup costs to the public.

The document details the risks of offshore oil and gas exploration, focusing on the ecological damage caused by seismic surveys and exploratory drilling, the resulting threats to coastal livelihoods and Indigenous rights, and the broader implications for global climate regulation.

The document argues that offshore oil and gas production poses severe risks, including underreported greenhouse gas emissions from flaring and methane leaks, the high potential for devastating well blowouts—especially in deep waters—and chronic marine pollution from produced water. It highlights the failure of current cleanup technologies and the long-term socio-economic damage to coastal communities, concluding that halting offshore expansion is essential to meeting the 1.5°C global warming limit.

The document details the hazards of offshore oil and gas transportation, highlighting that 40 percent of maritime trade involves fossil fuels. It argues that the expansion of this sector, particularly liquefied natural gas (LNG), increases greenhouse gas emissions, the risk of catastrophic oil spills, and the spread of invasive species. The report emphasizes that climate change creates a feedback loop, where extreme weather and sea-level rise heighten the likelihood of infrastructure failure and subsequent ecological disasters.

Global Witness warns that a second Trump administration is likely to accelerate fossil fuel production, weaken protections for land and environmental defenders, and undermine global efforts to combat deforestation and climate disinformation. The organization highlights risks including the rollback of environmental regulations, the potential defunding of human rights initiatives, and a shift toward domestic mining on protected Native and Tribal lands. It also expresses concern over the 'anti-ESG' movement and the potential for social media platforms to spread disinformation under the guise of free speech.

The report finds that human-induced climate change significantly increased the frequency and intensity of extreme heat globally from May 2024 to May 2025, affecting billions of people and making all 67 identified significant heat events more likely. It highlights the disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations and the systemic failure to accurately document heat-related mortality, while advocating for a combination of urban heat action plans and aggressive fossil fuel mitigation.

The ESMP for Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Park (JDNP) outlines mitigation strategies for four 2025 activities: constructing a Range Office in Laya, restoring a mineral lick at Chuchurpo, reinforcing roofs in storm-prone areas (Soe, Naro, Lingzhi), and installing rainwater harvesting systems in Yaksa and Dula. The plan categorizes the project as 'Category B', meaning impacts are site-specific and reversible. It mandates strict adherence to both Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) laws and WWF's Social Safeguards Integrated Policies and Procedures (SIPP), with the latter prevailing in cases of discrepancy regarding community consultation and compensation for non-title land holders. Key mitigation focuses include waste management, occupational health and safety (OHS) for workers, and stakeholder engagement through consultation meetings and a multi-tiered grievance redressal mechanism involving BFL, WWF, and the Green Climate Fund (GCF).

The ESMP for Phibsoo Wildlife Sanctuary (PWS) categorizes BFL activities as Category B, meaning impacts are site-specific and reversible. It details mitigation strategies for invasive species management, riverbank protection, staff quarter construction, and office maintenance, while outlining strict occupational health and safety standards and grievance mechanisms.

India is pursuing a "build now, decarbonize later" strategy in its steel industry, focusing on expanding capacity through emissions-intensive blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) routes. This approach risks creating stranded assets valued between US$124187 billion and locking in high emissions due to a young fleet of blast furnaces. While the government has introduced roadmaps for green steel and energy efficiency, the document argues that deep decarbonization requires a fundamental shift away from coal toward green hydrogen-based direct reduced iron (DRI) and increased scrap-based secondary production.

The report examines four power procurement archetypes for green hydrogen—Behind-the-Meter (BTM), Virtual Power Purchase Agreements (vPPAs), Offsite Physical PPAs, and Hybrid systems—analyzing how each manages risks related to weather variability, logistic complexity, and grid volatility. It emphasizes that the cost of power is the primary driver of hydrogen production economics and highlights the challenges of maintaining hourly matching for tax credit compliance under the Inflation Reduction Act's 45V credit. To mitigate these risks, the report suggests solutions such as hydrogen-specific insurance, flexible offtake agreements, phased construction, and the development of spot hourly Energy Attribute Credit (EAC) markets.

The report details a scenario exercise conducted by the Council on Strategic Risks to explore how biodiversity loss in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) can trigger security crises. Using a hypothetical 2034 'Cichlid Collapse' as a starting point, the study identifies social resilience and economic stability as the primary drivers of future security outcomes. It presents four potential futures ranging from a virtuous cycle of cooperation to a 'death spiral' of widespread conflict and ecological collapse. The report argues that biodiversity loss exacerbates resource competition, governance fragility, and the influence of violent extremist organizations, recommending a 'whole of system' approach integrating defense, diplomacy, and development to mitigate these risks.