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This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) argues that the European Union's 2014 Public Procurement Directives have failed to mainstream green public procurement (GPP) due to their voluntary nature, legal fragmentation, and lack of certainty. With the European Commission evaluating the Directives in late 2024, the authors advocate for a shift toward mandatory GPP, better monitoring systems, and the alignment of 'buy European' initiatives with environmental requirements to drive the EU's green transition and enhance global competitiveness.

This policy brief examines the 'unjust' nature of the energy transition for youth in South Africa's Steve Tshwete Local Municipality (STLM). It argues that while the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy is necessary, young people are being marginalised through exclusionary land allocation policies, a lack of sustainable employment following the closure of coal-fired power stations, and the limited scope of renewable energy projects that fail to provide meaningful skills or long-term job security.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute analyzes renewable-energy and clean-cooking interventions, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa, to identify drivers of success and barriers to socioeconomic development. It proposes a theory of change for energy interventions and provides five strategic recommendations for donors and development partners to improve the impact of clean-energy investments.

This report by Global Energy Monitor analyzes the growth potential of geothermal power in the United States under the Trump administration. It highlights how bipartisan support, technological advancements in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), and streamlined permitting are positioning geothermal energy for rapid expansion, particularly to meet the 24/7 power demands of AI data centers, even as other renewables like wind and solar face political headwinds.

This research paper by Tristan Irschlinger provides a state-of-play analysis as of March 2025 regarding the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations on fisheries subsidies. It evaluates the impact of the 2022 Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (Fish 1) and the ongoing efforts to establish broader rules (Fish 2) to address the root causes of overcapacity and overfishing.

The RMI report 'Hydrogen — Made in America, For America' argues that the United States must accelerate the development of its hydrogen market to maintain global energy leadership and expand its industrial base. It identifies fragmented policies and poor economics in offtake sectors as primary barriers to growth and suggests specific federal and state policy actions to stimulate demand and investment.

This report by RMI and Evergreen analyzes industrial decarbonization strategies within 26 Priority Climate Action Plans (PCAPs) submitted by US states and Puerto Rico under the Climate Pollution Reduction Grants (CPRG) program. The analysis finds that while there is a general intention to reduce industrial emissions, state plans often lack the subsector specificity, long-term roadmapping, and cost-effective policy tools necessary for a successful transition. The authors recommend that states move away from a reliance on federal funding, adopt tailored strategies based on local industrial compositions, and better leverage co-benefits such as public health improvements, workforce development, and international competitiveness.

This research paper outlines the priorities of South Africa's 2025 G20 presidency regarding climate finance, emphasizing the mobilization of resources for just energy transitions and the elevation of African concerns within the G20 framework, building upon the foundations laid during Brazil's 2024 presidency.

This report by RMI examines the potential of advanced transmission technologies (ATTs)—comprising grid-enhancing technologies (GETs) and advanced conductors—to expand electricity grid capacity and reliability. While pilot projects in the United States have demonstrated success in increasing capacity and reducing costs, the report identifies significant barriers to scaling these solutions, including risk aversion, financial disincentives, and a failure to integrate ATTs into long-term grid planning. RMI suggests that large corporate energy users can accelerate adoption through policy advocacy and by facilitating coordination between utilities across different service territories.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) outlines a strategy for achieving net-zero passenger transportation in Canada. It advocates for a shift away from car-centric infrastructure toward active transport, electrified public transit, and zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), supported by high-density urban planning. The document highlights the economic potential of a clean transport sector, including job creation in ZEV manufacturing and reduced household costs, while emphasizing significant public health benefits from reduced air and noise pollution.

This report by the African Future Policies Hub analyzes proposed amendments to the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) introduced on 26 February 2025. While the amendments aim to reduce the administrative burden on EU importers through new volumetric thresholds and simplified default values, the report argues these changes primarily benefit EU entities and may negatively impact African exporters by increasing costs or reducing the benefits of domestic carbon pricing.

The report argues that the European Union's 2020 hydrogen strategy was overly ambitious and requires recalibration to align with market realities. It advocates for a pragmatic, implementation-focused approach that prioritizes 'hard-to-electrify' sectors—such as steel, maritime, and fertilizers—while utilizing a combination of mandates ('sticks') and targeted funding ('carrots') to bridge the cost gap between renewable hydrogen and fossil-based alternatives.

This policy brief from the Mistra Geopolitics research programme examines the role of mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence (HREDD) in managing the risks associated with critical raw material supply chains during the green transition, warning that current EU legislative trends may weaken these protections.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law argues that a restrictive international governance framework for geoengineering already exists across environmental agreements and human rights law, but is being undermined by a proliferation of outdoor experiments and commercial carbon markets.

This research paper by the Center for International Environmental Law argues that private insurance companies in California are avoiding the costs of climate-driven disasters—specifically the January 2025 Los Angeles wildfires—by shifting risk to the public and the state-supported FAIR Plan, while simultaneously profiting from investments in the fossil fuel industry.

This report examines the decarbonization of ammonia production in China, focusing on the transition from coal-based feedstocks to green hydrogen produced via renewable-powered water electrolysis to reduce high carbon emissions.

This report by Ember analyzes the impact of the UK government's Clean Power 2030 Action Plan on energy import reliance. It finds that while the plan significantly reduces gas imports for electricity generation, the wider UK economy remains vulnerable due to continued reliance on imported oil for transport and gas for domestic heating. The report argues that comprehensive electrification of heating and transport is necessary to fully stabilize energy bills and enhance national energy security.

This briefing analyzes the US Treasury's final 45V guidance for electrolytic hydrogen projects, which establishes a tax credit framework based on three pillars: incrementality, temporality, and deliverability. The guidance provides a transition period for annual matching until 2030, after which hourly matching is required, and introduces flexibility by allowing emissions calculations per hour and per electrolyzer to avoid 'all or nothing' credit losses.

This report by Energy Innovation uses the Energy Policy Simulator to analyze the economic and environmental impacts of repealing federal clean energy tax credits and funding programs, specifically those established under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). The analysis compares a 'Current Policies' scenario against a 'Repeal' scenario starting in 2025, finding that such a repeal would lead to significant job losses, increased household energy costs, reduced GDP, and higher air pollution.

This briefing by Global Energy Monitor examines the growth potential of geothermal power in the United States under the Trump administration, noting that while wind and solar face challenges, geothermal energy has bipartisan support and technological advancements that position it for rapid expansion.